Table 2 Mean daily number of cooking events and cooking time by community, time frame and cooking fuel type.

From: Socioeconomic status and partaking in air pollution monitoring are associated with cookstove usage across three peri-urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa

Metric

Community

Time frame

All households

Exclusively LPG

LPG and polluting fuels

Exclusively polluting fuels

p-valuea

Number of daily cooking events (Mean (SD))

Eldoret, Kenya (N = 42)

Any day

3.23 (1.91)

2.54 (1.69)

4.31 (2.34)

3.16 (1.49)

0.057

Weekday

3.38 (2.01)

2.71 (1.95)

4.46 (2.48)

3.3 (1.40)

0.081

Weekend day

3.06 (1.85)

2.36 (1.57)

3.98 (2.15)

3.14 (1.66)

0.077

24 h HAPb

5.09 (1.90)

5.12 (2.20)

5.91 (1.99)

4.25 (1.23)

0.123

Mbalmayo, Cameroon (N = 80)

Any day

2.81 (1.10)

2.88 (1.16)

3.39 (1.10)

2.40 (0.91)

0.002*

Weekday

2.83 (1.10)

2.95 (1.14)

3.42 (1.07)

2.41 (0.93)

0.001*

Weekend day

2.77 (1.17)

2.71 (1.26)

3.35 (1.25)

2.43 (0.95)

0.009*

24 h HAPb

4.03 (1.99)

3.65 (2.24)

4.97 (1.95)

3.52 (1.69)

0.026*

Obuasi, Ghana (N = 64)

Any day

2.29 (1.17)

2.20 (1.23)

3.19 (1.41)

2.23 (1.08)

0.200

Weekday

2.31 (1.20)

2.28 (1.29)

3.28 (1.39)

2.20 (1.10)

0.170

Weekend day

2.21 (1.14)

1.99 (1.14)

2.97 (1.47)

2.23 (1.07)

0.217

24 h HAP*

2.17 (1.93)

2.15 (1.59)

3.00 (2.16)

2.05 (2.16)

0.662

Daily cooking time (Mean (SD))

Eldoret, Kenya (N> = 42)

Any day

04:20 (04:19)

01:11 (00:55)

04:26 (03:22)

07:37 (04:46)

< 0.001*

Weekday

04:21 (04:19)

01:11 (00:55)

04:25 (03:24)

07:40 (04:42)

< 0.001*

Weekend day

04:22 (04:23)

01:13 (00:57)

04:27 (03:25)

07:53 (04:52)

< 0.001*

24 h HAPb

06:06 (04:21)

02:26 (01:11)

05:22 (03:06)

09:50 (04:16)

< 0.001*

Mbalmayo, Cameroon (N = 80)

Any day

03:02 (01:36)

01:34 (00:49)

02:59 (01:18)

03:46 (01:35)

< 0.001*

Weekday

03:03 (01:37)

01:34 (00:52)

02:60 (01:18)

03:46 (01:36)

< 0.001*

Weekend day

03:02 (01:39)

01:32 (00:45)

02:59 (01:21)

03:47 (01:39)

< 0.001*

24 h HAPb

04:04 (02:54)

02:06 (02:13)

03:39 (02:26)

05:20 (02:57)

0.001*

Obuasi, Ghana (N = 64)

Any day

02:34 (02:02)

01:22 (00:59)

02:26 (01:03)

03:14 (02:16)

0.002*

Weekday

02:35 (02:07)

01:25 (01:06)

02:30 (01:10)

03:15 (02:21)

0.005*

Weekend day

02:27 (01:53)

01:16 (00:48)

02:16 (00:46)

03:09 (02:06)

< 0.001*

24 h HAPb

01:58 (01:60)

01:21 (01:20)

02:12 (00:44)

02:24 (02:25)

0.213

  1. a. P-value calculated from t-test if variable had two categories and analysis of variance (ANOVA) if more than two categories.
  2. b. A 24-hour period during which households received concurrent stove use and household air pollution (HAP) monitoring.
  3. * Significant at the 95% confidence level.
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