Table 4 Model performance metrics.

From: Flood-prone area mapping using a synergistic approach with swarm intelligence and gradient boosting algorithms

Models

MSE

RMSE

MAE

Train

Test

Train

Test

Train

Test

CatBoost

0.046

0.217

0.215

0.465

0.158

0.378

CatBoost-WOA

0.045

0.216

0.212

0.465

0.159

0.369

CatBoost-ZOA

0.025

0.2

0.157

0.448

0.107

0.361

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