Fig. 9

Cytotoxic activities of Chelates 1 and 2 revealed their effects on folate receptor-positive cell lines (HCT116, A; Caco-2, B; and HeLa, C) and folate receptor-negative cell lines (A549, D; and MCF-7, E), following 48 h of treatment. Chelates 1 and 2 demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects, as evidenced by their low IC50 values on cell lines that overexpress folate receptors compared to those lacking folate receptor expression (F).