Table 3 Identification of key metabolites by GC-MS analysis in steatotic NAFLD and after phytochemical treatment.
S. No. | Steatosis | Silymarin | Polydatin | Steatosis | Silymarin | Polydatin | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Media | ||||||||
Retention time | Aqueous phase | Retention time | Organic phase | |||||
1 | 3.46 | Acetic acid (1.7) | Acetic acid (1.38) | Acetic acid (1.74) | 3.46 | Acetic acid (0.99) | – | Acetic acid (2.31) |
2 | 13.65 | – | Lactic acid (2.1) | Lactic acid (2.26) | ||||
3 | 14.5 | L-Alanine (1.91) | – | |||||
4 | 25.1 | – | L-Glutamic acid (1.98) | – | ||||
5 | 25.49 | Palmitic Acid (1.97) | Palmitic Acid (2.09) | Palmitic Acid (2.01) | ||||
6 | 27.83 | Stearic acid (2.02) | Stearic acid (2.08) | Stearic acid (2.1) | ||||
Cell lysate | ||||||||
Retention time | Aqueous phase | Retention time | Organic phase | |||||
1 | 3.46 | Acetic acid (1.44) | Acetic acid (1.71) | Acetic acid (1.6) | 2.41 | Acetic acid (2.37) | – | – |
2 | 13.64 | Lactic acid (2.31) | Lactic acid (2.1) | Lactic acid (2.29) | 16.3 | Methyl palmitate (1.82) | Methyl palmitate (1.98) | Methyl palmitate (1.69) |
3 | 14.49 | L-Alanine (1.86) | L-Alanine (1.86) | – | 17.99 | Methyl oleate (1.69) | Methyl oleate (1.61) | Methyl oleate (1.63) |
4 | 14.66 | Glycerol (1.97) | Glycerol (1.98) | Glycerol (1.9) | 18.22 | Methyl stearate (2.53) | Methyl stearate (2.23) | Methyl stearate (2.16) |
5 | 14.96 | Glycine (1.84) | Glycine (1.91) | – | ||||
6 | 20.43 | Phosphoric acid (2.01) | Phosphoric acid (2.01) | Phosphoric acid (2) | ||||
7 | 23.6 | L-Aspartic acid (1.91) | – | – | ||||
8 | 24.64 | – | Hypoxanthine (2.05) | Hypoxanthine (2.08) | ||||
9 | 25.1 | L-Glutamic acid (1.99) | L-Glutamic acid (1.92) | L-Glutamic acid (2) | ||||
10 | 27.83 | Stearic acid (2.01) | Stearic acid (1.94) | Stearic acid (2.06) | ||||
11 | 28.13 | L-Pyroglutamic acid (2) | L-Pyroglutamic acid (2.01) | – | ||||
