Table 1 Parental and children Characteristics.
Variable | ICSI | ICSI-AOA | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
No. | 81 | 76 | |
Maternal characteristics | |||
Age at delivery, median (IQR), y | 35.0 (32.0–38.0) | 36.0 (33.0–39.0) | 0.14 |
Educational level (%) | |||
High school dropout | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
High school graduate or vocational school graduate | 29 (35.8) | 26 (34.2) | 0.87 |
College dropout | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.3) | > 0.99 |
College graduate | 43 (53.1) | 43 (56.6) | 0.87 |
Graduate school degree holder | 3 (3.7) | 6 (7.9) | 0.32 |
Declined or unknown | 3 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0.25 |
Profession (%) | |||
Healthcare worker | 19 (23.5) | 12 (15.8) | 0.24 |
Office worker | 14 (17.3) | 22 (28.9) | 0.09 |
Teacher | 7 (8.6) | 8 (10.5) | 0.79 |
Public servant | 3 (3.7) | 2 (2.6) | > 0.99 |
Manufacturing worker | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.6) | 0.61 |
Agriculture | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
Business/store owner | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.6) | 0.61 |
Service provider | 12 (14.8) | 5 (6.6) | 0.13 |
Housewife | 20 (24.7) | 23 (30.3) | 0.48 |
Declined or unknown | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
Paternal characteristics | |||
Age at delivery, median (IQR), y | 38.0 (34.5–41.0) | 37.0 (33.0–40.0) | 0.55 |
Educational level (%) | |||
High school dropout | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
High school graduate or vocational school graduate | 30 (37.0) | 25 (32.9) | 0.62 |
College dropout | 1 (1.2) | 3 (3.9) | 0.36 |
College graduate | 42 (51.9) | 39 (51.3) | > 0.99 |
Graduate school degree holder | 6 (7.4) | 9 (11.8) | 0.42 |
Declined or unknown | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
Profession (%) | |||
Healthcare worker | 9 (11.1) | 4 (5.3) | 0.25 |
Office worker | 31 (38.3) | 32 (42.1) | 0.63 |
Teacher | 1 (1.2) | 7 (9.2) | 0.03 |
Public servant | 9 (11.1) | 3 (3.9) | 0.13 |
Manufacturing worker | 9 (11.1) | 9 (11.8) | > 0.99 |
Agriculture | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.48 |
Business/store owner | 10 (12.3) | 7 (9.2) | 0.61 |
Service provider | 10 (12.3) | 9 (11.8) | > 0.99 |
Househusband | 0 (0) | 2 (2.6) | 0.23 |
Declined or unknown | 2 (2.5) | 2 (2.6) | > 0.99 |
Family income (%) | |||
<3 million yen/year | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.3) | > 0.99 |
3 million yen/year≤, < 5 million yen/year | 7 (8.6) | 11 (14.5) | 0.32 |
5 million yen/year≤, < 7 million yen/year | 24 (29.6) | 17 (22.4) | 0.36 |
7 million yen/year≤, < 10 million yen/year | 30 (37.0) | 25 (32.9) | 0.62 |
10 million yen/year≤ | 16 (19.8) | 22 (28.9) | 0.20 |
Declined or unknown | 3 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0.25 |
Children characteristics | |||
Obstetrical complications (%) | |||
GDM | 3 (3.7) | 2 (2.6) | > 0.99 |
HDP | 3 (3.7) | 4 (5.3) | 0.71 |
Placenta previa | 3 (3.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0.62 |
Vaginal delivery | 48 (59.3) | 45 (58.4) | 0.92 |
Gestational age at birth, median (IQR) | 39.0 (38.0–40.0) | 39.0 (37.0–40.0) | 0.79 |
Preterm ≤ 36 weeks (%) | 2 (3.7) | 5 (6.5) | |
Full-term 37–41 weeks (%) | 79 (97.5) | 72 (93.5) | |
Post-term ≥ 42 weeks (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Birth weight, median (IQR) | 3120.0 (2928.0-3418.0) | 3045.0 (2776.0-3324.0) | 0.19 |
<2,500 g (%) | 5 (6.2) | 12 (15.6) | |
2,501–2,999 g (%) | 26 (32.1) | 22 (28.6) | |
3,000–3,499 g (%) | 37 (45.7) | 31 (40.3) | |
3,500–3,999 g (%) | 10 (12.3) | 11 (14.3) | |
≥4,000 g (%) | 3 (3.7) | 1 (1.3) | |
Sex (%) | |||
Female | 42 (51.9) | 38 (49.4) | 0.87 |
Male | 39 (48.1) | 39 (50.6) | |
Number of the offspring (%) | |||
Singleton | 81 (100.0) | 75 (98.7) | 0.48 |
Twin | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | |
Sibling composition (%) | |||
Yes | 47 (58.0) | 41 (53.2) | 0.43 |
No | 32 (39.5) | 36 (46.8) | |
Declined or unknown | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | |
Use of group childcare services (e.g., preschools or daycare) | |||
Yes | 69 (85.2) | 60 (77.9) | 0.12 |
No | 10 (12.3) | 17 (22.1) | |
Declined or unknown | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | |
