Fig. 1
F1F3 peptide suppresses proliferation and induces cytotoxicity in wild-type and GSDME-knockout HeLa cells. Cytotoxic assays showing does-dependent decreases in cell viability following F1F3 treatment in wild-type (WT) HeLa cells (A) and GSDME-knockout (KO) HeLa cells (B). X-axis: F1F3 concentration; Y-axis: OD at 540 nm. (C) IC50 values of F1F3 peptide in WT and GSDME-KO HeLa cells were 10.98 µg/mL and 9.64 µg/mL, respectively. (D) IL-18 secretion levels measured 1 h post-F1F3 stimulation in WT and GSDME-KO cells. (E) LDH release assays indicating membrane damage after 1 h of F1F3 treatment in both cell types. (F) Real-time fluorescence imaging of GSDME-KO HeLa cells within 2 h post-treatment to visualize dynamic responses. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA): ns (not significant), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.
