Table 10 Performance of XLM-RSA under adversarial perturbations.

From: Multilingual sentiment analysis in restaurant reviews using aspect focused learning

Perturbation type

Accuracy (%)

Precision (%)

Recall (%)

F1-score (%)

No perturbation (baseline)

92.3

91.5

92.0

91.7

Character-level noise

90.8

90.1

90.5

90.3

Word substitution

91.2

90.7

91.0

90.8

Word deletion

89.6

89.0

89.3

89.1