Fig. 6

Parameter dependencies of droplet size D (a–c) and cooling rate dT/dt (d–f). a, d: Volatile mass fraction f dependence. b, e: Melt layer thickness \(L_0\) dependence. c, f: Molecular weight m dependence. Solid lines are the semi-analytical equations given by Eqs. (18) and (22). Each parameter is changed from its standard value (\(f=0.1\), \(L_0=10\,\)km, and \(m=18\,\mathrm{m_H}\)) while keeping the other two constant). The initial temperature is fixed at \(T_0=1800\,\)K.