Fig. 5

mRNA expression of selected genes possibly involved in the development of Bleo-induced alveolar simplification and IGF-1 protein expression. a Relative mRNA expression of ANLN, IGF-1, ADAMTS-12, ELN, and TNC. Real-time PCR was performed using GAPDH as a standardizing control. The level of expression of each mRNA was calculated using the 2^−ΔΔCT method, and the fold change to the control level was displayed. Mean ± SD. N = 5–8/group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, † p < 0.001, NS: not significant. Bleo upregulated these genes, and RvD1 suppressed the upregulation of the genes other than ADAMTS-12. b Representative immunostaining of IGF-1. Red arrows show IGF-1 expressions in the alveolar type II cells and bronchial epithelium. c The intensity of IGF-1 staining was scored, IGF-1-positive cells were counted, and the extent of IGF-1 expression was evaluated by the staining index (staining intensity × percentage of stained cells). Mean ± SD. N = 5–8/group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, † p < 0.001, NS: not significant. White bar: Control group; black bar: Bleo group; blue bar: Bleo + RvD1 group. IGF-1-positive cells were significantly increased by Bleo but were restored by RvD1.