Fig. 4
Liver-Chip biomarker assessment. a) Evaluating hepatocyte health by measuring albumin secretion on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 post-treatments with CBD, CBN, CBG, CBC or APAP in comparison to the vehicle control. Albumin release from the vehicle Chips was observed to be within the physiologically relevant range (≥ 20 µg/day/million cells) for the duration of the study. Values above the dotted line represent health. APAP and CBC caused time- and dose-dependent decreases in albumin secretion, whereas all other treatments trended more similarly to the vehicle. b) Evaluating hepatocyte injury by measuring AST release on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-treatments with cannabinoids – CBD, CBN, CBG, CBC, or APAP in comparison to the control. APAP and CBC caused time- and dose-dependent increases in AST secretion, whereas all other treatments trended more similarly to the vehicle. c) Evaluating hepatocyte injury by measuring ALT release on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-treatments with cannabinoids – CBD, CBN, CBG, CBC, or APAP in comparison to the control. Values above the dotted represent injury. APAP caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in ALT release, whereas all other treatments cause ALT release like the vehicle. The low dose of CBN and CBG caused increases in ALT secretion on day 5, however, these values returned to baseline by day 7. For the cannabinoids, low dose is 0.24 µM, mid dose is 3 µM and high dose is 4.7 µM. All data represents Mean ± SD. T-test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (n = 3 Chips per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005 and ****p < 0.0001.
