Table 1 Demographic characteristics, results of neuropsychological assessments of cognitive and linguistic processing, and performance on comprehension questions used in the current study.

From: Application of machine learning and temporal response function modeling of EEG data for differential diagnosis in primary progressive aphasia

 

Healthy controls

svPPA

lvPPA

nfvPPA

Demographic information

  Age (years)

65.9 (s = 6.4, range = 58–79)

65.1 (s = 7.6, range = 54–76)

68.6 (s = 8.8, range = 55–81)

70.2 (s = 6, range = 61–78)

  Sex (F/M)

9/1

4/6

5/5

4/6

  Handedness (Right/Left)

10R

10 R

10 R

10 R

  Education (years)

15.2 (s = 2.3, range = 12–18)

17.4 (s = 3.2, range = 12–22)

16.1 (s = 2.1, range = 12–18)

16 (s = 3, range = 12–22)

  Hearing threshold, pure tone average**

18.6 (s = 11.5, range = 8.8–45.0)

22.9 (s = 15.1, range = 6.9–54.4)

18.4 (s = 8.2, range = 3.1–31.9)

26.8 (s = 10.0, range = 10.6–41.2)

  Race, ethnicity

10 White, non-Hispanic

10 White, non-Hispanic

10 White, non-Hispanic

10 White, non-Hispanic

General cognition

  MMSE (30)a

25.8/26, 29.5/30*

24.0 (s = 4.0, range = 16–28)+

23.7 (s = 3.3, range = 18–27)+

26.6 (s = 2.8, range = 22–30)+

Verbal memory

  CVLT total (36)a

–

16.7 (s = 6.5, range = 10–30)

15.1 (s = 6.7, range = 7–28)

24.9 (s = 5.7, range = 16–32)

  CVLT recall (9)a

–

1.7 (s = 2.2, range = 0–6)

2.8 (s = 2.9, range = 0–9)

7.1 (s = 1.9, range = 3–9)

Visuospatial processing

  Benson figure copy (17)a

–

16.5 (s = 0.7, range = 15–17)

15.5 (s = 1.8, range = 11–17)

14.4 (s = 3.6, range = 6–17)

  Benson figure recall (17)a

–

8.3 (s = 3.5, range = 2–14)

9.1 (s = 3.8, range = 2–14)

10.9 (s = 4.3, range = 6–17)

  Benson figure recognition (Correct / Incorrect )a

–

8 Correct/ 2 Incorrect

10 Correct/ 0 Incorrect

7 Correct/ 3 Incorrect

Phonological working memory

  Forward digit spana

–

6.5 (s = 1.3, range = 5–9)

4.5 (s = 0.8, range = 3–6)

4.4 (s = 1.5, range = 1–6)

  Backward digit spana

–

4.6 (s = 2.2, range = 0–8)

3.1 (s = 0.6, range = 2–4)

2.9 (s = 1.1, range = 1–4)

  Western Aphasia Battery Repetition (100)b

–

92.3 (s = 6.1, range = 82–100)

74.6 (s = 10.3, range = 61–94)

87.5 (s = 8.7, range = 66–98)

Auditory word comprehension

  PPVT short (16)a

–

9.3 (s = 3.2, range = 5–13)

14.9 (s = 1.2, range = 13–16)

15 (s = 1.4, range = 12–16)

  Verbal fluency

  Letter fluency (d)a

–

6.8 (s = 6, range = 0–22)

7.7 (s = 2.8, range = 4–13)

4.8 (s = 2.7, range = 2–9)

  Category fluency (Animals)a

–

7.2 (s = 4.7, range = 3–18)

10.3 (s = 3.7, range = 5–16)

11.2 (s = 4.9, range = 2–18)

Aphasia severity

  Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia Quotient (100)b

–

84.5 (s = 8.4, range = 70.6–93.6)

84.2 (s = 4.2, range = 78.7–90.9)

83.3 (s = 9.1, range = 65–96)

Object knowledge

  Pyramids & Palm Trees: Picturesc

–

76.9 (s = 14.4, range = 55.8–98.1)

92.7 (s = 4.1, range = 82.7–98.1)

99.3 (s = 2.3, range = 92.9–100)

Naming

  Boston Naming Testa

–

22.2 (s = 15.1, range = 5–53.3)

59.0 (s = 25.9, range = 15–93.3)

86.7 (s = 17.5, range = 40–100)

Syntactic processing

  Auditory sentence-picture matching (%)d

–

95.3 (s = 9.9, range = 68.8–100)

89.4 (s = 8.2, range = 72.9–100)

90.9 (s = 7.5, range = 79.2–100)

  NAT (%)e

–

89.8 (s = 13.7, range = 66.7–100)

71.7 (s = 24.3, range = 8.3–91.7)

64 (s = 19.9, range = 16.7–86.7)

Reading

  Regular word reading (%)f

–

92.2 (s = 15.3, range = 44.4–100)

95.0 (s = 11.1, range = 66.7–100)

92.2 (s = 11.5, range = 55.6–100)

  Irregular word reading (%)f

–

60.0 (s = 26.6, range = 0–100)

74.4 (s = 21.1, range = 22.2–100)

82.8 (s = 19.6, range = 33.3–100)

Spelling

  Regular word spelling (%)f

–

74.0 (s = 28.4, range = 0–100)

76.0 (s = 24.8, range = 20–100)

80.0 (s = 15.9, range = 40–100)

  Irregular word spelling (%)f

–

30.0 (s = 31.5, range = 0–100)

38.0 (s = 27.5, range = 0–80)

61.0 (s = 24.7, range = 20–100)

Apraxia of speech severity

  Apraxia of speech severity ratingg

–

0 (s = 0, range = 0–0)

0.1 (s = 0.3, range = 0–1)

2.5 (s = 1.2, range = 1–4)

Multiple choice question accuracy

  Multiple choice question accuracy (%)

90.8 (s = 5.4, range = 81.7–96.7)

58.2 (s = 22.9, range = 20.0–81.7)

63.8 (s = 15.1, range = 36.7–90.0)

78.8 (s = 16.8, range = 48.3–98.3)

  1. Mean, standard deviation (s), and range are reported.
  2. F = female; M = male; R = right; L = left; MMSE = Mini Mental State Exam; CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; PPVT = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; NAT = Northwestern Anagram Test.
  3. *Six controls were tested with the 26 item telephone-modified MMSE40 and four were tested on the traditional MMSE39.
  4. **Analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant differences across groups on pure tone average, F (3, 36) = 1.16, p = 0.338. Note that the pure tone average was not available for one participant with lvPPA.
  5. +Analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant differences across PPA subtypes on the MMSE, F (2, 28) = 2.62, p = 0.091.
  6. aAssessments from neuropsychological battery described in41,42,43. For the Boston Naming Test, the full 60-item version was only administered to individuals with svPPA and lvPPA. Individuals with nfvPPA received a shortened 30-item version. Percent correct is reported.
  7. bFrom44.
  8. cThe full 52-item Pyramids and Palm Trees test45 was only given to individuals with svPPA or lvPPA. Individuals with nfvPPA received a shorter version, developed by46 from the standard 52-item version. Percent correct is reported.
  9. dFrom10.
  10. eFrom47. The full 30-item version was only administered to individuals with nfvPPA. Individuals with lvPPA and svPPA received a shortened 12-item version. Percent correct is reported.
  11. fAdapted from the Arizona Battery for Reading and Spelling48.
  12. gSubjective clinician ratings from the Motor Speech Examination49.
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