Fig. 6

In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of metformin formulations against normal (Vero) and liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. (A) Dose–response curves showing cell viability after 48 h incubation with drug concentrations from 100 to 1200 µg/mL, assessed via MTT assay.Comparative IC₅₀ values derived from dose–response curves demonstrating enhanced potency of liposomal formulations. Data represent mean ± standard error from three independent experiments.