Table 5 Chi square analysis of the original and encrypted image.

From: A lightweight multi round confusion-diffusion cryptosystem for securing images using a modified 5D chaotic system

Dicom images

Chi-square for original image

Chi-square for encrypted image

Sample 1

1,988,614.7344

251.9922

Sample 2

6,336,085.8594

271.7109

Sample 3

2,711,718.4297

271.4609

Sample 4

10,357,620.5469

321.9609

Sample 5

976,691.5391

337.2188

Sample 6

74,317.2266

338.7422

Sample 7

124,840.8203

278.4219

Sample 8

8,590,618.125

285.2266

Sample 9

2,742,802.5703

279.125

Sample 10

2,761,672.8281

254.8906