Fig. 7

Pairwise correlation matrix was shown with Mantel and partial Mantel test of REEs fractions with soil properties in unexploited soil (a) and mining soil (b). The order of environmental attributes was sorted based on the Pearson’s correlation coefficients with REEs fraction by partial Mantel tests, the size of the square indicated the value of coefficient between the environment factors. OM, organic matter; F1, F2, F3 and F4 refer to REEs exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual fraction, respectively.