Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants.
Characteristics | Total (N = 60) | Low PSb group (n = 29) | High PS group (n = 31) | Test statistic | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | t (58) =.12c | 0.91 | |||
M (SD) | 31.92 (3.03) | 31.97 (3.01) | 31.87 (3.10) | ||
Range | 25–41 | 25–37 | 27–41 | ||
Age groups, n (%) | \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) (2) = 1.84d | 0.40 | |||
19–29 years | 11 (18.3) | 4 (13.8) | 7 (22.6) | ||
30–39 years | 48 (80.0) | 25 (86.2) | 23 (74.2) | ||
40–49 years | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | ||
Education level, n (%) | \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) (3) = 5.00d | 0.17 | |||
High school | 2 (3.3) | 2 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Technical college (2–3 years) | 14 (23.3) | 8 (27.6) | 6 (19.4) | ||
Undergraduate degree (bachelor’s: 4–5 years) | 38 (63.3) | 18 (62.1) | 20 (64.5) | ||
Postgraduate degree (master’s) | 6 (10.0) | 1 (3.4) | 5 (16.1) | ||
Current employment status of wife, n (%) | \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) (3) = 2.56d | 0.46 | |||
Employed (full-time worker) | 29 (48.3) | 12 (41.4) | 17 (54.8) | ||
Employed (part-time worker) | 3 (5.0) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (6.5) | ||
On maternity leave | 9 (15.0) | 4 (13.8) | 5 (16.1) | ||
Unemployed (housewife) | 19 (31.7) | 12 (41.4) | 7 (22.6) | ||
Current employment status of husband, n (%) | \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) (1) = 1.09d | 0.30 | |||
Employed (full-time worker) | 59 (98.3) | 28 (96.6) | 31 (100.0) | ||
On paternity leave | 1 (1.7) | 1 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Gestational age, n (%) | \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) (1) =.65d | 0.42 | |||
Second trimester (21–28 weeks) | 47 (78.3) | 24 (82.8) | 23 (74.2) | ||
Third trimester (29–32 weeks) | 13 (21.7) | 5 (17.2) | 8 (25.8) | ||
Planned pregnancy, n (%) | \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) (1) =.20d | 0.65 | |||
Yes | 45 (75.0) | 21 (72.4) | 24 (77.4) | ||
No | 15 (25.0) | 8 (27.6) | 7 (22.6) | ||
Current smoking during pregnancy, n (%) | \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) (1) = 4.43d | 0.04* | |||
Non-smoker | 53 (88.3) | 23 (79.3) | 30 (96.8) | ||
Ex-smoker (temporary abstinence during pregnancy) | 7 (11.7) | 6 (20.7) | 1 (3.2) | ||
Current alcohol drinking during pregnancy, n (%) | \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) (2) = 1.36d | 0.51 | |||
Non-drinker | 12 (20.0) | 4 (13.8) | 8 (25.8) | ||
Ex-drinker (temporary abstinence during pregnancy) | 46 (76.7) | 24 (82.8) | 22 (71.0) | ||
Current drinker | 2 (3.3) | 1 (3.4) | 1 (3.2) | ||
Partner support (PS) | t (31.35) = −9.54e | < 0.001*** | |||
M (SD) | 59.88 (6.32) | 54.76 (5.44) | 64.68 (1.38) | ||
Frequency of husband involvement in 2-week prenatal education via mobile chatbota | t (11) = 14.64c | 0.20 | |||
M (SD) | 7.92 (4.18) | 6.86 (3.46) | 8.90 (4.59) | ||
Range | 2–20 | 2–14 | 3–20 |
