Table 3 Student methods for preparing whole food (n = 209).

From: Evaluating knowledge attitudes and hygiene practices of food safety among culinary art and hospitality management students

Variables

Given Answers

All

Gender

Age

Education Level

Study Specialization

(n = 209)

Females

(n = 66)

Males

(n = 143)

P value*

18 y

(n = 17)

19 y

(n = 58)

 ≥ 20 y

(n = 134)

P value*

1 st year

(n = 119)

2nd year

(n = 67)

3rd year

(n = 23)

P value*

Culinary arts

(n = 137)

Hotel & and event management

(n = 53)

Food & and beverage management

(n = 19)

P value*

P1

Agree

198

(94.7%)

64

(97.0%)

134

(93.7%)

0.225

16

(94.1%)

57

(98.3%)

125

(93.3%)

0.454

117

(98.3%)

65

(97.0%)

16

(69.6%)

0.001

132

(96.4%)

47

(88.7%)

19

(100.0%)

0.020

Not Agree

6

(2.9%)

0

(0.0%)

6

(4.2%)

 

0

(0.0%)

1

(1.7%)

5

(3.7%)

 

1

(0.8%)

1

(1.5%)

4

(17.4%)

 

1

(0.7%)

5

(9.4%)

0

(0.0%)

 

Do not know

5

(2.4%)

2

(3.0%)

3

(2.1%)

 

1

(5.9%)

0

(0.0%)

4

(3.0%)

 

1

(0.8%)

1

(1.5%)

3

(13.0%)

 

4

(2.9%)

1

(1.9%)

0

(0.0%)

 

P2

Agree

186

(89.0%)

60

(90.9%)

126

(88.1%)

0.233

13

(76.5%)

53

(91.4%)

120

(89.6%)

0.521

106

(89.1%)

62

(92.5%)

18

(78.3%)

0.036

126

(92.0%)

42

(79.2%)

18

(94.7%)

0.072

Not Agree

6

(2.9%)

0

(0.0%)

6

(4.2%)

 

1

(5.9%)

1

(1.7%)

4

(3.0%)

 

2

(1.7%)

1

(1.5%)

3

(13.0%)

 

2

(1.5%)

4

(7.5%)

0

(0.0%)

 

Do not know

17

(8.1%)

6

(9.1%)

11

(7.7%)

 

3

(17.6%)

4

(6.9%)

10

(7.5%)

 

11

(9.2%)

4

(6.0%)

2

(8.7%)

 

9

(6.6%)

7

(13.2%)

1

(5.3%)

 

P3

Agree

204

(97.6%)

65

(98.5%)

139

(97.2%)

0.627

16

(94.1%)

56

(96.6%)

132

(98.5%)

0.077

116

(97.5%)

67

(100.0%)

21

(91.3%)

0.023

134

(97.8%)

52

(98.1%)

18

(94.7%)

0.327

Not Agree

2

(1.0%)

0

(0.0%)

2

(1.4%)

 

0

(0.0%)

2

(3.4%)

0

(0.0%)

 

2

(1.7%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

1

(0.7%)

0

(0.0%)

1

(5.3%)

 

Do not know

3

(1.4%)

1

(1.5%)

2

(1.4%)

 

1

(5.9%)

0

(0.0%)

2

(1.5%)

 

1

(0.8%)

0

(0.0%)

2

(8.7%)

 

2

(1.5%)

1

(1.9%)

0

(0.0%)

 

P4

Agree

192

(91.9%)

64

(97.0%)

128

(89.5%)

0.166

16

(94.1%)

48

(82.8%)

128

(95.5%)

0.057

107

(89.9%)

64

(95.5%)

21

(91.3%)

0.207

127

(92.7%)

46

(86.8%)

19

(100.0%)

0.295

Not Agree

3

(1.4%)

0

(0.0%)

3

(2.1%)

 

0

(0.0%)

2

(3.4%)

1

(0.7%)

 

1

(0.8%)

2

(3.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

1

(0.7%)

2

(3.8%)

0

(0.0%)

 

Do not know

14

(6.7%)

2

(3.0%)

12

(8.4%)

 

1

(5.9%)

8

(13.8%)

5

(3.7%)

 

11

(9.2%)

1

(1.5%)

2

(8.7%)

 

9

(6.6%)

5

(9.4%)

0

(0.0%)

 

P5

Agree

200

(95.7%)

65

(98.5%)

135

(94.4%)

0.177

17

(100.0%)

54

(93.1%)

129

(96.3%)

0.403

114

(95.8%)

65

(97.0%)

21

(91.3%)

0.506

132

(96.4%)

49

(92.5%)

19

(100.0%)

0.309

Not Agree

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

Do not know

9

(4.3%)

1

(1.5%)

8

(5.6%)

 

0

(0.0%)

4

(6.9%)

5

(3.7%)

 

5

(4.2%)

2

(3.0%)

2

(8.7%)

 

5

(3.6%)

4

(7.5%)

0

(0.0%)

 

P6

Agree

190

(90.9%)

58

(87.9%)

132

(92.3%)

0.544

15

(88.2%)

56

(96.6%)

119

(88.8%)

0.121

107

(89.9%)

64

(95.5%)

19

(82.6%)

0.387

125

(91.2%)

47

(88.7%)

18

(94.7%)

0.906

Not Agree

4

(1.9%)

2

(3.0%)

2

(1.4%)

 

0

(0.0%)

2

(3.4%)

2

(1.5%)

 

2

(1.7%)

1

(1.5%)

1

(4.3%)

 

3

(2.2%)

1

(1.9%)

0

(0.0%)

 

Do not know

15

(7.2%)

6

(9.1%)

9

(6.3%)

 

2

(11.8%)

0

(0.0%)

13

(9.7%)

 

10

(8.4%)

2

(3.0%)

3

(13.0%)

 

9

(6.6%)

5

(9.4%)

1

(5.3%)

 

P7

Agree

192

(91.9%)

59

(89.4%)

133

(93.0%)

0.613

16

(94.1%)

55

(94.8%)

121

(90.3%)

0.102

115

(96.6%)

60

(89.6%)

17

(73.9%)

0.004

130

(94.9%)

43

(81.1%)

19

(100.0%)

0.005

Not Agree

4

(1.9%)

2

(3.0%)

2

(1.4%)

 

1

(5.9%)

2

(3.4%)

1

(0.7%)

 

2

(1.7%)

1

(1.5%)

1

(4.3%)

 

3

(2.2%)

1

(1.9%)

0

(0.0%)

 

Do not know

13

(6.2%)

5

(7.6%)

8

(5.6%)

 

0

(0.0%)

1

(1.7%)

12

(9.0%)

  

6

(9.0%)

5

(21.7%)

 

4

(2.9%)

9

(17.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

P8

Agree

192

(91.9%)

62

(93.9%)

130

(90.9%)

0.475

14

(82.4%)

52

(89.7%)

126

(94.0%)

0.004

107

(89.9%)

64

(95.5%)

21

(91.3%)

0.528

126

(92.0%)

47

(88.7%)

19

(100.0%)

0.359

Not Agree

3

(1.4%)

0

(0.0%)

3

(2.1%)

 

2

(11.8%)

1

(1.7%)

0

(0.0%)

 

3

(2.5%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

1

(0.7%)

2

(3.8%)

0

(0.0%)

 

Do not know

14

(6.7%)

4

(6.1%)

10

(7.0%)

 

1

(5.9%)

5

(8.6%)

8

(6.0%)

 

9

(7.6%)

3

(4.5%)

2

(8.7%)

 

10

(7.3%)

4

(7.5%)

0

(0.0%)

 

P9

Agree

193

(92.3%)

59

(89.4%)

134

(93.7%)

0.344

14

(82.4%)

53

(91.4%)

126

(94.0%)

0.222

110

(92.4%)

63

(94.0%)

20

(87.0%)

0.713

127

(92.7%)

47

(88.7%)

19

(100.0%)

0.489

Not Agree

1

(0.5%)

0

(0.0%)

1

(0.7%)

 

0

(0.0%)

1

(1.7%)

0

(0.0%)

 

1

(0.8%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

1

(0.7%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

 

Do not know

15

(7.2%)

7

(10.6%)

8

(5.6%)

 

3

(17.6%)

4

(6.9%)

8

(6.0%)

 

8

(6.7%)

4

(6.0%)

3

(13.0%)

 

9

(6.6%)

6

(11.3%)

0

(0.0%)

 
  1. *Categorical variables were analyzed via the chi-square test and are expressed as numbers and percentages. P values ˂ 0.05 are significantly different and are presented in bold.
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