Fig. 1

Differential Transcriptomic and Functional Enrichment Analysis between Normal and Model Groups. Note: (A) Schematic of the transcriptomic sequencing process; (B) PCA of placental tissue samples from the normal control and model groups (Normal = 6, Model = 6) showing pre and post-PCA dimensions with percentages of variance explained in parentheses; (C) Volcano plot of 83 DEGs in placental tissue samples between the normal control and model groups, red dots represent significantly upregulated genes, blue dots represent significantly downregulated genes, and black dots represent genes without differential expression; (D) Heatmap of the top 50 most significantly upregulated and downregulated genes, with yellow indicating high expression and blue indicating low expression; (E) Circular plot of GO functional enrichment analysis of DEGs, where outer to inner layers denote functional categories, total number of genes in each category, number of significantly upregulated genes, and enrichment factors; (F) Enrichment analysis of DEGs in KEGG pathways, listing pathways and the number of enriched genes, categorized by the top six KEGG Pathway classes; (G) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) enrichment analysis of the transcriptome gene expression profile, each line represents a specific gene set with unique colors, upregulated genes are located to the left of the coordinate origin, while downregulated genes are to the right of the x-axis; (H) Heatmap showing the correlation of different immune cell types in normal control and Model samples evaluated using the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm; (I) Comparison of gene expression levels of immune cell subgroups in normal control and Model samples (Normal = 6, Model = 6). * indicates p < 0.05 for inter-group comparison, ** indicates p < 0.01, and “ns” indicates no significant difference between the groups.