Fig. 2

Construction of Co-expression Network and Traditional Chinese Medicine Network using WGCNA. Note: (A) Hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted to detect co-expression clusters with corresponding color assignments. Each color represents a module in the gene co-expression network constructed by WGCNA; (B) The dendrogram was cut at a height of 0.25 to build four gene expression modules; (C) Heatmap of the correlation coefficients between different modules and traits. Each cell contains the correlation coefficient and corresponding P-value, with red indicating positive correlation and blue indicating negative correlation; (D) Venn diagram of the intersection between characteristic genes of the Brown module identified through WGCNA analysis and DEGs; (E) Differential expression of 9 core genes in the sequencing dataset, ** indicating p < 0.01 in intergroup comparisons; (F) Interaction network graph of Codonopsis - Active Ingredients - Targets - Diseases constructed using Cytoscape software. Pink represents diseases, blue represents Codonopsis, cyan oval represents common targets of diseases and drugs, and orange represents active ingredients of Codonopsis; (G) Network graph of active chemical components of Codonopsis obtained from the SymMap database, with node colors arranged based on their degree values; (H) Association diagram between the active ingredient Mannose-B of Codonopsis pilosula and its targets.