Table 2 Fundamental steps of LSTM network in handling input Sequences.

From: Impact of agricultural industry transformation based on deep learning model evaluation and metaheuristic algorithms under dual carbon strategy

Step

Operation

Illustration

1

Initialization

Initialize the hidden state \(\:{h}_{0}\) and unit state \(\:{C}_{0}\) to usually be zero vectors

2

Input splice

Splice the hidden state of the previous moment with the current input

3

Forget gate calculation

Calculate forget gate activation value using sigmoid function

4

Input gate calculation

Use the sigmoid function to calculate the input gate activation value

5

Candidate unit status

Calculate candidate unit status

6

Unit status update

Update cell state, combining forget and input gates

7

Output gate calculation

Use the sigmoid function to calculate the output gate activation value

8

Hide status updates

Update the hidden state as input or final output for the next time step

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