Table 4 Hyperparameter search Ranges.

From: Impact of agricultural industry transformation based on deep learning model evaluation and metaheuristic algorithms under dual carbon strategy

Hyperparameter

Search Range

Number of convolutional layers

[2, 5]

Kernel size

[3 × 3, 5 × 5, 7 × 7]

Stride

[1, 2]

Pooling window size

[2 × 2, 3 × 3]

Number of LSTM units

[64, 128, 256]

Learning rate

[0.0001, 0.001, 0.01]

Optimizer

Adam

Batch size

[16, 32, 64]

Epochs

[100, 300, 500]

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