Table 4 Village information.

From: A study on the spatial distribution and driving factors of traditional villages–a case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China

City

Construction year

Village origins

Topography

Xingtai

Yuan

Ming

Qing

Republic of China

Hebei migration Shanxi migration Sichuan migration

automatic formation

Hills hilly area

Shijiazhuang

Yuan

Ming

Qing

 

Hebei migration

Shanxi migration

automatic formation

hills

hilly area

basin

Handan

Yuan

Ming

Qing

 

Hebei migration

Shanxi migration

Henan migration

automatic formation

hills

hilly area

Zhangjiakou

Yuan

Ming

Qing

 

Hebei migration

Shanxi migration

automatic formation

border garrison

war migration

hills

hilly area

basin

river