Table 4 Hardness values and study settings for included studies.

From: Systematic review and meta analysis of mechanical properties of 3D printed denture bases compared to milled and conventional materials

Study ID

Groups (method of fabrication + brand of resin material)

Resin brand

3d Printing parameters

Hardness

Mean ± SD

Layer thickness (µm)

Building oriantaion

post-curing time

Mean

SD

27

3D (Nextdent)

Nextdent® base; Vertex-Dental B.V., Vertex Global Holding, AV Soesterberg, Netherlands

50

45°

15 min

42.17

0.66

M (M-PM)

Pre-polymerized PMMA pucks (M-PM™ disc, Merz Dental GmbH, Lütjenburg, Germany)

45.09

1.24

H(Acrostone)

Acrostone heat cure denture basematerial, Egy

42.86

0.28

16

3D (Formlabs)

Denture Base Resin LP Formlabs Inc., MA, USA

50

45°

30 min

16.351

0.842

M (Merz)

Prepolymerized blanks M-PM, Merz Dental GmbH, Lütjenburg, Germany

18.035

0.702

29

H (Ivoclar)

ProBase® Hot (Ivoclar Vivadent AG)

100

  

17.39

0.21

C (Ivoclar)

ProBase® Cold (Ivoclar Vivadent AG)

 

16.98

0.24

M (Ivoclar)

Ivoclar Vivadent AG

 

13.75

0.22

3D FDM (Material4print) x

Material4print

0°

10.41

0.19

3D FDM (Material4print) y

90

10.16

0.11

3D FDM (Material4print) z

 

9.16

0.19

3D SLA GR (Formlab) x

Formlabs Inc.

0°

5.65

0.24

3D SLA GR (Formlab) y

90°

5.49

0.02

3D SLA GR (Formlab) z

 

5.05

0.24

3D SLA DR (Formlab) x

0°

13.2

0.29

3D SLA DR (Formlab) y

90°

19.21

0.98

3D SLA DR (Formlab) z

 

13.67

0.63

32

3D (Asiga DentaBASE)

Asiga DentaBASE, Sydney, Australia

100

0°

10 min

13.76

2.22

M (Ivotion Base)

Ivotion Base, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein

14.6

0.36

T (Polyan IC)

Polyan IC, Bredent, Senden, Bayern, Germany

20.05

1.13

I (SR-Ivocap)

SR-Ivocap, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein

16.56

0.9

33

H (Clássico)

Classic resin

50

45°

10 min

22.33

0.76

M (Blue Dent)

Blocks of medium-pink BlueDent Ltd.

24.32

1.04

3D (Smart Dent)

Medium-pink liquid resin SmartDent Ltd.

20.44

1.32

35

H (Onda Cryl)

(medium pink color, Onda Cryl, Clássico)

   

21.64

0.85

Mi (Onda Cryl)

(medium pink color, Onda Cryl, Clássico)

20.95

0.47

M (Blue Dent)

(medium pink color, BlueDent, Articon)

21.35

0.41

3D (Liquid resin)

(medium pink color, SmartDent)

17.45

1.1

37

M (G-CAM)

G-CAM; Graphenano DENTAL SL (GC)

 

0°

 

28.31

1.62

M (Ivotion Base)

Ivotion Base; Ivoclar Vivadent AG (IV)

21.45

1.3

3D (Denturetec)

Denturetec; Saremco (DT)

16.46

2.65

43

H (Major.Base.20)

(Major.Base.20)

50

90°

 

41.63

2.03

3D (NextDent)

(NextDent)

 

34.62

2.1

44

M

(M-PM;

Merz Dental GmbH)

50

45°

 

18.02

0.67

3D

(Denture base RP; Formlabs)

30 min

16.26

0.79

45

Meliodent heat cure

Denture base material, PMMA,

heat cured

   

20.58

0.52

Vertex Thermosens

Denture base material, polyamide,

injection technique

10.61

0.24

Ivobase CAD pink V

CAD-CAM denture base material,

subtractive manufacturing

17.23

0.99

Polident pink CAD-CAM

disc basic

CAD-CAM denture base material,

subtractive manufacturing

22.86

0.72

Anaxdent pink blank U

medium pink

CAD-CAM denture base material,

subtractive manufacturing

18.83

0.48

Freeprint denture

CAD-CAM denture base material,

additive manufacturing

21.3

0.45

Imprimo LC denture

CAD-CAM denture base material,

additive manufacturing

16.55

0.81

2

H

Major.Base.20,

Major

Prodotti

Dentari,

Moncalieri,

Italy

50

90°

 

39.6

9.9

AvaDent

AvaDent denture

base puck

(AvaDent,

Global Dental

Science

Europe,

Tilburg, The

Netherlands)

 

46.3

2.9

IvoCad

IvoBase CAD

(Ivoclar

Vivadent,

Schaan,

Liechtenstein)

 

46.9

5.9

3D (ASIGA)

ASIGA

DentaBase,

(Asiga pty

Ltd,

Alexandria,

Australia)

 

31.1

7.5

3D (FormLabs)

FormLabs

Denture Base

LP

(FormLabs,

Somerville,

MA, USA)

17.5

2.8

NextDent

Denture 3D+

(NextDent

B.V.,

Soesterberg,

The

Netherlands)

15.2

0.15

55

H (Major.Base.20)

(Major.Base.20, Major Prodotti

Dentari, Moncalieri, Italy. Shade: light pink)

50

90°

 

46.29

6.22

Thermoformed Acetal (Bio Dentaplast)

thermoformed

acetal (Bio Dentaplast, Bredent, Germany. Shade: white A2)

 

34.52

4.6

Thermoformed Polyamide (Flexiultra Sabilex)

Thermoformed polyamide (Flexiultra Sabilex, Buenos Aires,

Argentina. Shade: pink 78, orange pink)

 

21.92

3.26

M AvaDent

(AvaDent denture base

puck, AvaDent, Global Dental Science Europe, Tilburg,

The Netherlands. Shade: light pink)

 

47.99

8.4

M IvoCad

(Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein. Shade: light

pink

 

30.33

9.61

3D NextDent

(NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands.

Shade: light pink).

 

20.57

4.51

3D FormLabs

(FormLabs, Somerville, MA. Shade: light pink

 

23.2

4.2

48

Milled Base

AvaDent Denture base puck (AvaDent, Global Dental Science Europe, Tilburg, The Netherlands)

100

  

15.94

0.36

Printed BP1

NextDent Base (Vertex-Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands)

0°

10 min

17

1.26

Printed PB2

 

6.68

2.26

Printed PBV2

90°

   

8

M (Polident)

(Polident d.o.o. VolčjaDraga 42, VolčjaDraga, Slovenia)

100

45°

15 min

26.14

0.39

3D (NextDent)

(NextDent, Soesterberg, The Netherlands)

20.06

0.39

Flexible (BreFlex)

(BreFlex Second Edition, Germany)

14.39

0.89

49

H PMMA (Acrostone)

Acrostone heat-cured denture base (2023 Acrostone Dental & Medical Supplies. Egypt)

50

90°

10 min

20.055

1.641

Thermoplastic polyamide (Flexi Ultra)

Flexi Ultra -flexafil s.a.c.i. leopoldo marechal 1312 – Buenos aires—Argentina “orange-pink 78”

12.133

1.173

M (IvoCad)

IvoCad (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein)

14.605

1.417

3D (NextDent)

NextDent Denture 3D+ (NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands)

15.138

1.706

4

M (meliodent)

NextDent Denture 3D+(NextDent Denture 3D+; Nextdent B.V., Soesterberg, Nether-lands), Dentona Optiprint Denture 3D Printer resin (DentonaOptiprint Denture 3D Printer resin; Dentona AG., Dort-mund, Germany) and ASIGA DentaBase (ASIGA DentaBase; ASIGA, Sydney, Australia)

   

18.11

0.65

3D (Dentona)

 

50

45°

 

16.41

0.96

3D (Asiga)

  

16.24

0.79

3D (Next Dent )

  

16.2

0.93

50

3D printed (V-Print Dentbase)

V-Print Dentbase

50

  

11.6

0.34

3D printed (Denture 3D+)

Denture 3D+

30 min

12.5

0.29

H (Probase Hot)

Probase Hot

  

14.1

0.69

H (Probase Hot)

Villacryl Rapid

 

14.9

0.41

56

3D (Asiga DentaBASE pink shade (PP))

Asiga

100

0°

10 min

13.76

2.22

M (Ivotion Base pink shade (MP))

Ivotion Base

   

14.6

0.36

3

conventional heat polymarized

ProBase Ho

   

131.37

2.94

conventional heat polymarized

Paladon 65

 

118.63

3.92

conventional heat polymarized

Interacryl Hot

 

129.41

3.92

cad cam

IvoBase CAD

 

94.12

10.78

cad cam

Interdent CC disc PMMA

 

72.14

2.94

cad cam

Polident CAD/CAM disc basic

 

141.18

3.92

3d printing

NextDent Base

 

114.71

7.84

Injection pressing

Vertex ThersmoSens

 

64.71

10.78

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