Table 14 Training times with 1 vs. 1 (5 slices selected manually).

From: Improving early detection of Alzheimer’s disease through MRI slice selection and deep learning techniques

1 vs. 1

Models

Estimated

epoch duration

Total training time

CN/AD

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

39 seconds

52 seconds

46 seconds

65 seconds

78 seconds

98 seconds

6.5 minutes

8.7 minutes

7.6 minutes

10.8 minutes

13 minutes

16.3 minutes

CN/MCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

49 seconds

65 seconds

58 seconds

82 seconds

98 seconds

123 seconds

8.2 minutes

10.9 minutes

9.6 minutes

13.7 minutes

16.4 minutes

20.5 minutes

CN/LMCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

36 seconds

47 seconds

42 seconds

59 seconds

71 seconds

89 seconds

6 minutes

7.9 minutes

7.0 minutes

9.9 minutes

11.9 minutes

14.9 minutes

CN/EMCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

38 seconds

50 seconds

44 seconds

63 seconds

76 seconds

95 seconds

6.3 minutes

8.4 minutes

7.4 minutes

10.5 minutes

12.6 minutes

15.8 minutes

AD/MCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

20 seconds

26 seconds

23 seconds

33 seconds

40 seconds

50 seconds

3.3 minutes

4.4 minutes

3.85 minutes

5.5 minutes

6.6 minutes

8.25 minutes

AD/LMCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

6 seconds

8 seconds

7 seconds

11 seconds

13 seconds

16 seconds

1.05 minutes

1.4 minutes

1.2 minutes

1.75 minutes

2.1 minutes

2.6 minutes

AD/EMCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

8 seconds

11 seconds

10 seconds

14 seconds

17 seconds

21 seconds

1.4 minutes

1.87 minutes

1.63 minutes

2.33 minutes

2.8 minutes

3.5 minutes

MCI/LMCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

17 seconds

22 seconds

19 seconds

28 seconds

33 seconds

41 seconds

2.75 minutes

3.67 minutes

3.2 minutes

4.58 minutes

5.5 minutes

6.88 minutes

MCI/EMCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

19 seconds

25 seconds

22 seconds

31 seconds

37 seconds

47 seconds

3.1 minutes

4.13 minutes

3.62 minutes

5.17 minutes

6.2 minutes

7.75 minutes

LMCI/EMCI

EfficientNetB2

InceptionV3

RegNetx006

Basic ViT

EfficientNetB2+FPN (Our Model)

ViT + EfficientNetB2 + FPN (Our Model)

5 seconds

7 seconds

6 seconds

8 seconds

10 seconds

13 seconds

0.85 minutes

1.13 minutes

1.0 minutes

1.42 minutes

1.7 minutes

2.1 minutes