Table 1 Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients.

From: Cell viability measured by cytotoxicity assay as a biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: a prospective cohort study

 

High cell viability (OD ≤ 0.737)(n = 58)

Low cell viability (OD > 0.737)

(n = 57)

Total (n = 115)

*P value

Age

68.7 ± 7.8

71.8 ± 7.9

70.2 ± 8.0

0.038

Male, n(%)

56 (96.5%)

54 (94.7%)

110 (95.6%)

0.679

BMI

21.7 ± 3.5

21.7 ± 4.0

21.7 ± 3.8

0.947

Smoking status

-

-

-

0.314

Never smoker, n(%)

3 (5.2%)

1 (1.8%)

4 (3.5%)

-

Ever smoker, n(%)

40 (68.9%)

46 (80.7%)

86 (74.8%)

-

Current smoker, n(%)

15 (25.9%)

10 (17.5%)

25 (21.7%)

-

Pack year

43.2 ± 19.8

48.4 ± 25.6

45.6 ± 22.7

0.262

Severe exacerbation history in previous year, n(%)

7 (12.3%)

12 (20.7%)

19 (16.5%)

0.316

CAT score

12 [10–18]

15 [10–20]

13 [10–19]

0.303

6MIN WT

434.7 ± 101.4

400.1 ± 122.9

417.6 ± 113.4

0.111

SGRQ

-

-

-

-

Symptom

40.5 ± 18.1

45.3 ± 17.0

43.0 ± 17.6

0.159

Activity

40.2 ± 19.0

53.8 ± 20.0

47.1 ± 20.6

< 0.001

Impact

16.4 ± 16.1

25.9 ± 18.1

21.2 ± 17.7

0.004

Total

28.3 ± 14.9

37.2 ± 17.1

32.8 ± 16.6

0.004

Comorbidity, n(%)

-

-

-

-

DM

6 (10.3%)

8 (14.0%)

14 (12.2%)

0.581

Angina

9 (15.8%)

10 (17.2%)

19 (16.5%)

> 0.99

Heart failure

5 (8.7%)

4 (6.9%)

9 (7.8%)

0.743

Arrythymia

3 (5.3%)

5 (8.6%)

8 (7.0%)

0.717

Bronchiectasis

4 (7.0%)

2 (3.5%)

6 (5.2%)

0.438

Malignancy

5 (8.8%)

10 (17.2%)

15 (13.0%)

0.268

Inhaler

-

-

-

-

LAMA

22 (37.9%)

16 (28.1%)

38 (33.0%)

0.323

LABA + LAMA

9 (15.5%)

9 (15.8%)

18 (15.7%)

> 0.999

ICS + LABA

9 (15.5%)

12 (21.1%)

21 (18.3%)

0.478

ICS + LABA and LAMA

17 (29.3%)

17 (29.8%)

34 (29.6%)

> 0.999

Others

1 (1.7%)

3 (5.6%)

4 (3.5%)

0.364

Blood eosinophil (cells/Ul)

197.0 ± 162.4

270.4 ± 404.1

234.0 ± 309.8

0.206

Post-bronchodilator FVC-liters

3.2 ± 0.6

3.0 ± 0.6

3.1 ± 0.6

0.169

Post-bronchodilator FVC-% of predicted value

88.1 ± 13.1

86.1 ± 14.1

87.1 ± 13.6

0.436

Post-bronchodilator FEV1-liters

1.5 ± 0.5

1.4 ± 0.5

1.5 ± 0.5

0.448

Post-bronchodilator FEV1-% of predicted value

60.9 ± 19.0

60.3 ± 18.6

60.6 ± 18.7

0.859

FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted

11 (18.9%)

6 (10.5%)

17 (14.8%)

0.585

50% ≤ FEV1 < 80% predicted

31 (53.5%)

33 (57.8%)

64 (55.7%)

30% ≤ FEV1 < 50% predicted

13 (22.4%)

16 (28.1%)

29 (25.2%)

FEV1 < 30% predicted

3 (5.2%)

2 (3.5%)

5 (4.3%)

Post-bronchodilator ratio of FEV1 to FVC-%

47.0 ± 11.9

47.0 ± 11.8

47.0 ± 11.8

0.999

0.6 ≤ ratio < 0.7

11 (19.0%)

9 (15.8%)

20 (17.4%)

0.241

0.5 ≤ ratio < 0.6

8 (13.8%)

16 (28.1%)

24 (20.9%)

-

0.4 ≤ ratio < 0.5

21 (36.2%)

14 (24.6%)

35 (30.4%)

-

Ratio < 0.4

18 (31.0%)

18 (31.6%)

36 (31.3%)

-

DLCO (%)

86.0 ± 24.5

82.1 ± 23.0

84.1 ± 23.7

0.375

TLC (%)

110.8 ± 17.2

108.4 ± 16.9

109.6 ± 17.0

0.473

RV (%)

122.1 ± 42.9

119.4 ± 44.1

120.8 ± 43.3

0.747

Non-exacerbator phenotype (%)

35 (60.3%)

19 (33.3%)

54 (47.0%)

0.005

Mortality

5 (9.1%)

16 (28.1%)

21 (18.8%)

0.025

  1. Abbreviations. OD = optical density; BMI = body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; 6MIN WT = 6 min walk test; SGRQ = St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; DM = diabetes mellitus; LAMA = long-acting muscarinic antagonists; LABA = long-acting β2 agonist; ICS = inhaled corticosteroids; FVC = forced vital capacity; FE1V= forced expiratory volume in 1 s; DLCO = diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; TLC = total lung capacity; RV = residual volume.
  2. *P-value is for comparison between high cell viability and low cell viability group.
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