Table 3 Cox proportional hazard model analysis of risk factor for all-cause mortality.

From: Cell viability measured by cytotoxicity assay as a biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: a prospective cohort study

 

Univariate model

Multivariate model

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

P

Age

1.09 (1.03–1.16)

0.003

1.04 (0.98–1.12)

0.225

Sex (ref. male)

0.38 (0.52–2.72)

0.332

-

-

BMI

0.77 (0.69–0.87)

< 0.001

0.69 (0.54–0.87)

0.002

Eosinophil count

0.99 (1.00–1.00)

0.654

-

-

History of severe AE

2.94 (1.18–7.31)

0.02

0.78 (0.19–3.15)

0.725

Smoking (ref. never)

    

Ex smoker

0.94 (0.12–7.21)

0.958

-

-

Current smoker

1.50 (0.18–12.52)

0.708

-

-

Smoking (PY)

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.206

-

-

Commorbidity

    

Malignancy

1.13 (0.44–2.93)

0.366

-

-

Coronary disease

1.02 (0.34–3.04)

0.972

-

-

Arrhythmia

3.41 (1.14–10.16)

0.027

6.52 (0.74–57.39)

0.091

Heart failure

3.35 (1.12–10.01)

0.03

2.40 (0.30-19.92)

0.416

CKD

3.75 (1.26–11.18)

0.018

1.37 (0.06–33.56)

0.846

DM

2.68 (0.98–7.34)

0.055

8.48 (0.58–123.90)

0.118

CAT

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

0.001

1.19 (1.06–1.34)

0.002

SGRQ, total

1.03 (1.01–1.06)

0.016

0.96 (0.92–1.01)

0.062

6MIN WT

0.99 (0.99–0.99)

0.001

0.99 (0.99-1.00)

0.836

Post-bronchodilator FEV1-% of predicted value

0.99 (0.96–1.01)

0.278

-

-

Post-bronchodilator ratio of FEV1 to FVC-%

0.99 (0.95–1.02)

0.656

-

-

DLCO(%)

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.239

-

-

Low cell viability (ref. high cell viability)

3.47 (1.27–9.50)

0.015

6.34 (1.46–27.46)

0.014

  1. Abbreviations. BMI = body mass index; AE = acute exacerbations; CKD = chronic kidney disease; DM = diabetes mellitus; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; SGRQ = St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; 6MIN WT = 6 min walk test; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 s; DLCO = diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide;.
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