Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells

Fig. 1

Experimental design and characterization of the spinal cord-derived NSCs. A Schematic of the ELF-EMF system, consisting of a pair of Helmholtz coils powered by an AC generator. B Process diagram for the experiment. Spinal cord-derived NSCs cultured in proliferation medium were exposed to ELF-EMFs for 3 days and then processed for immunocytochemical and molecular analyses, as well as NSCs maintenance assays. Following differentiation induction with proliferation medium containing 1% FBS, NSCs were exposed to ELF-EMFs for 3 days and subsequently processed for immunocytochemical and molecular analyses. C Cultured spinal cord-derived NSCs at generation 0 (P0, left; n = 4). Neurospheres formed by spinal cord-derived NSCs at different passages (P1, middle left; P2, middle right; P5, right; n = 4). Scale bar, 100 μm. D Representative confocal images showing the colocalization of Sox2 (red), Nestin (green), and DAPI (blue) in neurospheres derived from spinal NSCs (n = 5). Scale bar, 25 μm. Insets display magnified view of the boxed region. E Immunostaining for MAP2 (green), GFAP (red), and DAPI (blue) in spinal cord-derived NSCs cultured in differentiation medium for 3 days (n = 4). Scale bar, 100 μm. Insets display magnified view of the boxed region.

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