Fig. 3

ELF-EMFs facilitate differentiation of spinal cord-derived NSCs into neurons. A Representative confocal images showing immunostaining for NeuN after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities. Scale bar, 100 μm. Insets display magnified view of the boxed region. B Quantification of NeuN⁺ cells after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities (n = 4). Values are normalized to the 0 mT control group. C Quantification of NeuN mRNA levels after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities (n = 5). Values are normalized to the 0 mT control group. D Protein levels of NeuN in spinal cord-derived NSCs after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities, with β-actin used as a loading control. Original blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1A. E Quantification of NeuN protein levels after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities (n = 5). Values are normalized to the 0 mT control group. F Representative confocal images stained with Tuj1, showing neurites growth after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities. Scale bar, 50 μm. G Quantification of the number of neurites per cell after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities (n = 5). H Statistics for neurite length per cell after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities (n = 5).