Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells

Fig. 4

ELF-EMFs upregulate the expression of pro-neuronal genes and activate T-type calcium channels. A, B Quantification of NeuroD1 (n = 4), NeuroG1 (n = 4), NeuroG2 (n = 4), and NeuroD2 (n = 4) mRNA levels in spinal cord-derived NSCs after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities. Values are normalized to the 0 mT control group. C Protein levels of NeuroD1 and NeuroG1 in spinal cord-derived NSCs after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities, with β-actin used as a loading control. Original blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1B. D Quantification of NeuroD1 (n = 6) and NeuroG1 (n = 6) protein levels in spinal cord-derived NSCs after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities. Values are normalized to the 0 mT control group. E, F Quantification of Cav1.2 (n = 5), Cav1.3 (n = 5), Cav3.1 (n = 5), Cav3.2 (n = 5) and Cav3.3 (n = 5) mRNA levels in spinal cord-derived NSCs after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities. Values are normalized to the 0 mT control group. G Protein levels of Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 in spinal cord-derived NSCs after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities, with β-actin used as a loading control. Original blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1C. H Quantification of Cav3.1 (n = 3), Cav3.2 (n = 3) and Cav3.3 (n = 3) protein levels in spinal cord-derived NSCs after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities. Values are normalized to the 0 mT control group. I Representative calcium current traces recorded at −30 mV and current density-voltage (I-V) curves of NSC-differentiated neurons after exposure to ELF-EMFs at different intensities (0 mT, black, n = 5; 0.5 mT, green, n = 5; 1 mT, red, n = 5). J Representative calcium current traces recorded at −30 mV and current density-voltage (I-V) curves in NSC-differentiated neurons at 1 mT (1 mT, purple, n = 6; 1 mT + TTA-P2, 1 mT with 2 µM TTA-P2 in the bath solution, blue, n = 6; 1 mT [washout], after 10-min washout with TTA-P2-free solution, light blue, n = 6). K Statistics for peak current density of NSC-differentiated neurons.

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