Fig. 5
From: Spacetime perspective of gravitational lensing in perturbed cosmologies
The outer two observed images of a small point source near the optical axis connecting the observer and center of the lens. The coordinate radius of the center of the light source was set to \(s= 0.0001\) billion years with \(\phi = \pi /6\). The images are highly stretched along the circle centered on the optical axis and begin to form a complete Einstein Ring.
