Fig. 5

Gross appearance findings of intra-abdominal adhesion formation. The adhesion group showed severe intra-abdominal adhesions (A, B). The sham group displayed no abdominal adhesions (C). The gross appearance in tadalafil-treated group revealed no abdominal adhesions formation (D). The cellulose-treated group showed moderate abdominal adhesions (E). No adhesions were observed in the tadalafil/cellulose-treated group (F). W = abdominal wall, yellow asterisk: cecum, red arrow: adhesion bands.