Fig. 7

Moderating effect visualization. High moderating variable line: Relationship when the moderating variable is at a high level (usually + 1SD - green line); Low moderating variable line: Relationship when the moderating variable is at a low level (usually − 1SD - red line); Mean line: Relationship when the moderating variable is at the average level (usually mean - blue line). If the slopes of the lines are different, there is a regulatory effect. If the lines are parallel, there is no regulatory effect. The greater the difference in slope, the stronger the regulatory effect. A positive slope indicates a positive correlation, while a negative slope indicates the opposite. A horizontal line indicates no relationship.