Table 1 % Yes by loneliness group, 139 countries, 2023 and 2024, N = 256,760.

From: The association between loneliness and pain, and the role of physical health and distress: an analysis in 139 countries

 

Loneliness – yes (N = 58,397)

Loneliness – no (N = 198,363)

Variable

%

Std. Dev.

%

Std. Dev.

% difference

Physical pain

52.2

0.5

29.4

0.455

22.8

Health problems

40.2

0.49

22.4

0.417

17.8

Distress

53.4

0.35

24

0.291

29.4

 Stress

57.5

0.494

30.2

0.459

27.3

 Sadness

54.4

0.498

17.6

0.38

36.8

 Worry

64.2

0.479

33.3

0.471

30.9

 Anger

37.3

0.484

15.1

0.358

22.2

Having friends or relatives count on

 Yes

69.1

0.462

83.4

0.372

−14.3

Opportunities to meet people

 Satisfied

71.9

0.449

83.2

0.374

−11.3

Sex

 Female

54.2

0.498

52.5

0.499

1.7

Age group (years old)

 15–24

17

0.375

18.1

0.385

−1.1

 25–34

20.7

0.405

20.9

0.406

−0.2

 35–49

24.7

0.431

26.3

0.44

−1.6

 50–64

19.8

0.399

20.1

0.401

−0.3

 65–100

17.8

0.382

14.7

0.354

3.1

Marital status

 Single

32.4

0.468

29.8

0.458

2.6

 Domestic partner

5.2

0.221

7.3

0.26

−2.1

 Married

37.1

0.483

51

0.5

−13.9

 Separated

4.4

0.206

2.4

0.153

2

 Divorced

6.7

0.251

4.2

0.2

2.5

 Widowed

14.2

0.349

5.3

0.224

8.9

Level of education

     

 Elementary

36.7

0.482

23.7

0.425

13

 Secondary

49

0.5

53

0.499

−4

 Tertiary

14.3

0.35

23.3

0.423

−9

Employment status

     

 Employed full time for an employer

22.6

0.418

31.9

0.466

−9.3

 Employed full time for self

14.1

0.348

13.7

0.344

0.4

 Employed part time want full time

11.1

0.314

7.7

0.266

3.4

 Employed part time do not want full time

7.3

0.261

7.5

0.263

−0.2

 Unemployed

8.4

0.277

5.3

0.225

3.1

 Out of workforce

36.5

0.482

33.9

0.473

2.6

Personal income in US dollars

8392.179

113663.14

11723.619

59393.083

−3331.44

Children under 15 in the household

1.4

2.116

1.2

1.8

0.2

  1. All variables represent % of people except for income and number of children in the household which represent mean of number of US dollars and mean of number of children, respectively. Descriptive statistics for each variable in the full sample can be found in Table S.1.