Table 1 Mortality of S. frugiperda larvae to tested Saccharomyces strains.

From: Biocontrol potential of Saccharomyces as a sustainable approach targeting Spodoptera frugiperda

Treatments

Toxicity rate

48 h posttreatment

Toxicity rate

72 h posttreatment

Toxicity rate

120 h posttreatment

Control

00.0 ± 0.00 b

00.0 ± 0.00 c

00.0 ± 0.00

Control media

00.0 ± 0.00 b

00.0 ± 0.00 c

00.0 ± 0.00

Diazinon 60% EC

00.0 ± 0.00 b

2.00 ± 0.00 a

1.00 ± 0.82

S. cerevisiae HA-NY4

0.67 ± 0.47 a

1.33 ± 0.47 b

00.0 ± 0.00

S. uvrum HA-NY3

00.0 ± 0.00 b

00.0 ± 0.00 c

0.33 ± 0.47

ANOVA: p-value

0.009**

< 0.001***

0.063 ns

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; *, **, and *** are significant at p < 0.05, < 0.01, and < 0.001, respectively; ns, non-significant at p > 0.05. The mean under each variety with different letters in the same column (vertically) denotes a significant difference according to Tukey’s HSD at p ≤ 0.05. Control, control S. frugiperda larvae treated with distilled water for experiment adjustment; Control media, control S. frugiperda larvae treated with yeast extract peptone dextrose broth medium for experiment adjustment; Diazinon 60% EC, S. frugiperda larvae treated with commercial pesticide Diazinon 60% EC as a positive control; S. cerevisiae HA-NY4, S. frugiperda larvae treated with S. cerevisiae HA-NY4 strain; S. uvrum HA-NY3, S. frugiperda larvae treated with S. uvrum HA-NY4 strain. We used Diazinon 60% EC at its recommended rate of 1 mL/L. All bioassay assessments were triplicated (under the same conditions).
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