Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Molecular and morphological insights into the taxonomic classification and introduction pathways of Vespa crabro

Fig. 4

CO1 haplotype analysis and genetic divergence of Korean Vespa crabro. (A) CO1 sequence alignment of Korean V. crabro individuals. C1–15 correspond to specimens classified as V. c. crabroniformis, whereas F1–6 as V. c. flavofasciata according to the taxonomy of Kim et al.8,9. X1–8 represent individuals with previously unreported color pattern variation. The I–IX designation indicates the specific type of CO1 haplotype. (B) CO1 divergence pattern of Korean V. crabro individuals. The cladogram was constructed using the maximum likelihood method, and the TN93 + I model was applied as the substitution model. No clustering corresponding to color-based subspecies was observed. Arabic numerals enclosed in parentheses indicate the thoracic pattern; Roman numerals represent the abdominal pattern; Regional abbreviations denote collection sites. (C) Collection sites for sequenced individuals. GP Gapyeong; HS Hoengseong; JJ Jinju; NH Namhae; PC Pocheon; PJ Paju; UB Uijeongbu.

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