Fig. 5

(a) to (e) represent the spatial and temporal distribution of RSEI in Shanxi Province and planned mining areas in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, respectively. (This image was created using ArcGIS 10.8 software, which is an Esri product, generated using our dataset, and is publicly available at the URL (https://www.esri.com/).)