Fig. 4

Mean R2 value for 5-fold cross-validation (a) all 67 variables, (b) Light Detection and Ranging metrics only (c) Image metrics only. In all three plots, X-axis represents the ranking of variables according to the IncNodePurity value, from left to right decreasing the importance. Main blue line shows the mean R2 value of adding one variable at a time, from the most important to the least important explanatory variable. The Y-axis represents the changes of mean R2 with 5-fold cross validation (CV) with error bars. The red highlighted points illustrate the highest CV R2 value obtained.