Table 11 Performance comparison with recent literature.

From: Machine learning algorithms for voltage stability assessment in electrical distribution systems

Method

System

Accuracy (R2)

Real-time capability

Interpretability

Cybersecurity readiness

Proposed GB + SHAP

53-bus

99.98%

High (SHAP)

Framework Ready

Deep LSTM24

39-bus

99.1%

Low

Not Addressed

SVM + PSO22

IEEE 30-bus

95.2%

Medium

Not Addressed

CNN-LSTM38

Real grid (NW CN)

97.8%

Low

Partial

ANN23

14-bus

96%

Medium

Not Addressed

ANN + SVM33

IEEE 14-bus

N/R

Low

Not Addressed

RF, DT, KNN32

Micro-grid

RF: 92%

Medium (RF)

Not Addressed