Table 1 Description of personal, obstetric and mortality characteristics, of maternal deaths recorded from the Egyptian National Maternal Death Surveillance System, 2020–2021 (N = 541).
Characteristics | N | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
1. Personal characteristics | |||
Residence | Assuit | 204 | 37.7 |
El-Behira | 154 | 28.5 | |
Fayoum | 123 | 22.7 | |
Kafr El-Sheikh | 60 | 11.1 | |
Age (years) | ≤ 20 | 60 | 11.1 |
> 20 to 30 | 250 | 46.2 | |
> 30 | 231 | 42.7 | |
Mean ± SD | 28.9 ± 6.4 | ||
Number of previous deliveries | Nulliparous | 145 | 26.8 |
1 to 2 | 209 | 38.6 | |
≥ 3 | 187 | 34.6 | |
History of abortion | Yes | 87 | 16.1 |
No | 454 | 83.9 | |
2. Characteristics of last pregnancy | |||
Received antenatal care | No | 13 | 2.4 |
Private doctor | 383 | 70.8 | |
Health care units | 83 | 15.3 | |
Both | 62 | 11.5 | |
Diagnosed with COVID-19 | Yes | 137 | 25.3 |
No | 404 | 74.7 | |
Presence of other comorbidities with pregnancy | Yes | 186 | 34.4 |
No | 355 | 65.6 | |
3. Mortality characteristics | |||
Time of death | During abortion | 16 | 3.0 |
During labor | 126 | 23.3 | |
During pregnancy | 178 | 32.9 | |
Postpartum | 221 | 40.8 | |
Place of delivery (N = 347) | General hospital | 246 | 70.9 |
Private center | 38 | 11.0 | |
Home | 34 | 9.8 | |
Clinic | 29 | 8.3 | |
Newborn condition (N = 347) | Alive (normal) | 251 | 72.3 |
Alive admitted to NICU | 43 | 12.4 | |
Stillbirth | 29 | 8.4 | |
Intrapartum stillbirth | 24 | 6.9 | |
Surgical intervention | Normal vaginal delivery | 152 | 28.1 |
Cesarean section | 244 | 45.1 | |
Hysterectomy | 13 | 2.4 | |
D.C after abortion | 6 | 1.1 | |
Nothing | 126 | 23.3 | |
Year of death | 2020 | 231 | 42.7 |
2021 | 310 | 57.3 | |
Place of death | General hospital | 348 | 64.3 |
Private hospital | 37 | 6.8 | |
Private clinic | 17 | 3.1 | |
Home | 105 | 19.4 | |
On the road | 30 | 5.6 | |
Others | 4 | 0.8 | |
Causes of death | Direct causes | 257 | 47.5 |
Postpartum hemorrhage | 79 | 30.7 | |
Preeclampsia | 66 | 25.7 | |
Emboli | 40 | 15.6 | |
Prepartum hemorrhage | 28 | 10.9 | |
Abortion (spontaneous or DC) | 20 | 7.8 | |
Obstructed labor | 7 | 2.7 | |
Uterine rupture | 7 | 2.7 | |
Anesthesia related | 4 | 1.6 | |
Anemia or hyperemesis gravidarum | 4 | 1.6 | |
Ectopic pregnancy | 2 | 0.8 | |
Indirect causes of death | 284 | 52.5 | |
Respiratory diseases | 129 | 45.4 | |
Cardiovascular diseases | 100 | 35.2 | |
Gastrointestinal diseases | 17 | 6.0 | |
Neurologic diseases | 13 | 4.6 | |
Endocrinal disorders | 7 | 2.4 | |
Cerebral hemorrhage | 6 | 2.1 | |
Tumors | 5 | 1.8 | |
Urogenital | 4 | 1.4 | |
Others | 3 | 1.7 | |
Was there a delayed arrival to the hospital? | No | 334 | 61.7 |
Yes | 29 | 5.4 | |
Not mentioned | 178 | 32.9 | |
Did the deceased mother/relatives refused of hospital referral? | No | 332 | 61.4 |
Yes | 25 | 4.6 | |
Not mentioned | 184 | 34.0 | |
Time to death (in days) | Median (min, max) | 2 (0.0, 36.0) | |
Mean ± SD | 3.7 ± 4.9 | ||
