Fig. 1
DHA restores brain and wing disc architecture, enhancing eclosion and survival of l(2)gl/l(2)gl mutants. (A) Upon DHA treatment, the dosage response curve in the third-instar tumorous larval brain with concentrations ranging from 0–500 µM showed 250 µM to be the optimal concentration for complete restoration of brain size (N = 20). (B) Upon DHA treatment, the dosage response curve in the third-instar wild-type larval brain with concentrations ranging from 0–500 µM showed no significant effect on the brain size (N = 20) (C) The image panel shows a representative dissected brain of wild-type, untreated l(2)gl/l(2)gl mutant, and treated mutant with a graph showing an effective brain tumor regression after treatment (Scale bar: 100 μm) (N = 20). (D) Image panel for dissected wing disc of wild-type, untreated l(2)gl/l(2)gl mutant, and treated mutant, with a graph showing an effective regression in tumorous growth in wing disc after treatment (Scale bar: 100 μm) (N = 20). (E) Longevity assay of wild-type and l(2)gl/l(2)gl larvae reared on the vehicle/drug-supplemented food revealed that 97% l(2)gl/l(2)gl larvae metamorphosed into the pupal stage when reared on 250 µM DHA in comparison with that seen in 500 µM artemisinin (78%) and 100 µM curcumin (67%) formulations on the 14th day (data for artemisinin and curcumin adapted from Das et al., 2014, with permission from IUBMB Life)18. On the 14th day of DHA treatment, the l(2)gl/l(2)gl flies eclosed with straight-wing phenotypes, which were not observed with artemisinin and curcumin. Data for artemisinin and curcumin were reused from our previously published study in IUBMB Life18 with permission obtained via RightsLink. New data for DHA was generated and analyzed as part of the current study. The final composite figure with all of the three drugs, artemisinin, curcumin and DHA, was plotted by Sushree Sulava, the first author of this manuscript, using GraphPad Prism software (version 5.01). (F) Graph showing no significant deviation in lethality in the wild-type strain in the wide drug-dosing bracket of (0-500) µM in food medium (N = 100; six trials were conducted for this assay) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001).
