Table 2 Prevalence of alcohol, marijuana and TSSp use among male and female adolescent gamblers (ESTUDES 2018/2019–2021) according to sociodemographic factors, internet-videogame use, and perceived risk and availability.
Alcohol | Marijuana | TSSp | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018/2019 (n = 4617) | 2021 (n = 1951) | P value | 2018/2019 (n = 2283) | 2021 (n = 910) | P value | 2018/2019 (n = 936) | 2021 (n = 434) | P value | ||
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
Age | 14–16 | 2516 (78.50) | 1011 (73.83) | < 0.001 | 1166 (36,38) | 407 (29,71) | < 0.001 | 547 (17.08) | 240 (17.54) | 0.157 |
17–18 | 2101 (90.52) | 940 (88.28) | 0.034 | 1117 (48,14) | 503 (47,24) | 0.584 | 389 (16.75) | 194 (18.21) | 0.739 | |
Sex | Male | 3539 (82.92) | 1531 (80.09) | 0.002 | 1791 (41,97) | 744 (38,94) | 0.024 | 612 (14.34) | 295 (15.43) | 0.403 |
Female | 1078 (85.68) | 420 (80.34) | 0.001 | 492 (39,11) | 166 (31,67) | 0.008 | 324 (25.76) | 139 (26.61) | 0.259 | |
Country of birth | Spain | 4236 (84.61) | 1839 (81.23) | < 0.001 | 2071 (41,37) | 845 (37,35) | 0.004 | 839 (16.77) | 396 (17.47) | 0.23 |
Other | 375 (73.21) | 104 (64.45) | 0.017 | 208 (40,51) | 60 (37,22) | 0.104 | 96 (18.78) | 36 (22,37) | 0.605 | |
Parents’ employment status | Both unemployed | 115 (78.86) | 48 (67.74) | 0.077 | 48 (33.21) | 26 (37.08) | 0.487 | 29 (19.67) | 17 (23.49) | 0.632 |
One employed | 1505 (81.66) | 688 (79.29) | 0.064 | 705 (38.26) | 307 (35.41) | 0.039 | 315 (17.07) | 157 (18.16) | 0.414 | |
Both employed | 2937 (85.48) | 1109 (81.42) | < 0.001 | 1478 (43.02) | 521 (38.28) | 0.032 | 568 (16.52) | 233 (17.12) | 0.255 | |
Parents’ education level | No formal | 70 (70.99) | 16 (57.03) | 0.034 | 36 (36.17) | 12 (44.88) | 0.896 | 26 (26.64) | 5 (18.00) | 0.908 |
Primary school | 217 (86.55) | 73 (82.29) | 0.3 | 103 (41.12) | 32 (36.18) | 0.258 | 47 (18.92) | 15 (16.39) | 0.847 | |
Secondary school | 2062 (87.69) | 805 (82.38) | 0.001 | 1001 (42.56) | 380 (38.86) | 0.192 | 400 (17.02) | 176 (18.01) | 0.264 | |
Higher education | 1908 (81.32) | 868 (79.84) | 0.079 | 955 (40.71) | 395 (36.37) | 0.014 | 374 (15.93) | 195 (17.95) | 0.225 | |
Monthly family income | Above average | 843 (81.79) | 324 (80.75) | 0.489 | 430 (41.73) | 159 (39.61) | 0.164 | 195 (18.91) | 64 (16.04) | 0.063 |
Around average | 3569 (84.39) | 1511 (80.44) | < 0.001 | 1735 (41.03) | 693 (36.87) | 0.007 | 692 (16.36) | 344 (18.32) | 0.013 | |
Below average | 181 (79.70) | 90 (76.50) | 0.527 | 106 (46.65) | 45 (37.95) | 0.17 | 44 (19.45) | 23 (19.46) | 0.479 | |
Size of town or city | < 10,000 habitants | 660 (86.67) | 175 (79.64) | 0.021 | 295 (38.7) | 85 (38.49) | 0.79 | 106 (13.94) | 36 (16.58) | 0.25 |
> 10,000 habitants | 3957 (83.05) | 1776 (80.20) | 0.001 | 1988 (41.74) | 825 (37.27) | 0.001 | 830 (17.42) | 398 (17.96) | 0.454 | |
Type of videogame user | None | 1634 (85.86) | 623 (84.63) | 0.275 | 846 (44.46) | 302 (40.96) | 0.252 | 374 (19.66) | 164 (22.25) | 0.096 |
Recreational Videogame player | 1133 (81.04) | 531 (77.86) | 0.003 | 528 (37.75) | 261 (38.27) | 0.466 | 239 (17.11) | 118 (17.29) | 0.443 | |
Esport spectator | 168 (84.23) | 98 (75.01) | 0.02 | 76 (38.04) | 45 (34.71) | 0.432 | 33 (16.42) | 24 (18.39) | 0.937 | |
Esport player | 1682 (83.05) | 699 (78.93) | 0.033 | 833 (41.15) | 302 (34.11) | 0.002 | 290 (14.33) | 128 (14.49) | 0.938 | |
Internet gaming disorder | No | 4101 (84.28) | 1711 (80.51) | < 0.001 | 2008 (41.26) | 803 (37.80) | 0.006 | 801 (16.46) | 378 (17.76) | 0.21 |
Yes | 516 (78.16) | 240 (77.61) | 0.741 | 275 (41.73) | 106 (34.47) | 0.07 | 135 (20.53) | 57 (18.33) | 0.879 | |
Compulsive internet use | No | 1410 (83.25) | 649 (77.54) | 0.001 | 743 (43.87) | 300 (35.85) | < 0.001 | 356 (21.04) | 191 (22.86) | 0.578 |
Yes | 3207 (83.68) | 1301 (81.51) | 0.008 | 1540 (40.19) | 610 (38.18) | 0.135 | 580 (15.13) | 243 (15.20) | 0.459 | |
Perceived availability | Impossible/very difficult to obtain | 99 (61.15) | 43 (62.76) | 0.922 | 112 (14.5) | 48 (11.50) | 0.07 | 176 (13.52) | 85 (13.85) | 0.87 |
Easy/very easy to obtain | 4308 (86.50) | 1822 (82.90) | < 0.001 | 2014 (53.94) | 793 (50.52) | 0.068 | 504 (25.36) | 243 (28.09) | 0.101 | |
Perceived health risk for consumption | No/few problems | 1328 (87.57) | 597 (85.22) | 0.01 | 680 (69.6) | 271 (61.35) | 0.001 | 162 (31.97) | 60 (28.39) | 0.293 |
Quite a few/many problems | 2805 (84.42) | 1169 (80.04) | 0.001 | 1442 (35.80) | 590 (33.32) | 0.31 | 570 (15.42) | 277 (16.47) | 0.101 | |
