Table 1 Average values of Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn level in Cigarette, Gutka, Mainpuri, and Naswar samples and whole blood samples of Smoker and Non-Smoker, STP user in urban and rural areas. All results are expressed in mg/kg and for blood mg/L.

Cd

1.035 ± 0.08

1.11 ± 0.21

0.144 ± 0.01

0.547 ± 0.04

Mn

49.19 ± 4.11

13.8 ± 1.25

39.8 ± 3.26

1.87 ± 0.03

Pb

0.872 ± 0.07

3.08 ± 0.25

1.01 ± 0.05

2.18 ± 0.17

Zn

58.7 ± 5.12

19.3 ± 1.76

15.9 ± 1.23

1.89 ± 0.16

Cigarette Smokers from Urban Areas

Cigarette Smokers from Rural Areas

MS-UA

FS-UA

MNS-UA

FNS-UA

MS-RA

FS-RA

MNS-RA

FNS-RA

Cd

0.055 ± 0.003

0.036 ± 0.001

0.0058 ± 0.0003

0.0048 ± 0.0003

0.041 ± 0.004

0.034 ± 0.001

0.0028 ± 0.0001

0.0024 ± 0.0001

Mn

0.029 ± 0.002

0.031 ± 0.001

0.011 ± 0.001

0.011 ± 0.001

0.019±0.001

0.019 ± 0.001

0.0057 ± 0.0003

0.0089 ± 0.0006

Pb

0.108 ± 0.01

0.085 ± 0.004

0.007 ± 0.0005

0.003 ± 0.0001

0.059 ± 0.004

0.051 ± 0.004

0.003 ± 0.0001

0.003 ± 0.0002

Zn

0.631 ± 0.04

0.623 ± 0.03

0.596 ± 0.04

0.516 ± 0.05

0.623 ± 0.04

0.636 ± 0.04

0.532 ± 0.03

0.525 ± 0.04

Smokeless Tobacco Products user from Urban Areas

MG-UA

FG-UA

MMP-UA

FMP-UA

MN-UA

FN-UA

Cd

0.012 ± 0.001

0.014 ± 0.001

0.013 ± 0.001

0.012 ± 0.001

0.011 ± 0.001

0.008 ± 0.0001

Mn

0.014 ± 0.001

0.013 ± 0.001

0.015 ± 0.001

0.014 ± 0.001

0.016 ± 0.001

0.015 ± 0.001

Pb

0.028 ± 0.001

0.026 ± 0.001

0.027 ± 0.001

0.025 ± 0.001

0.025 ± 0.001

0.023 ± 0.001

Zn

1.42 ± 0.12

1.23 ± 0.11

1.33 ± 0.12

1.14 ± 0.13

1.38 ± 0.13

1.23 ± 0.13

Smokeless Tobacco Products user from Rural Areas

MG-RA

FG-RA

MMP-RA

FMP-RA

MN-RA

FN-RA

Cd

0.010 ± 0.001

0.009 ± 0.001

0.007 ± 0.001

0.008 ± 0.001

0.009 ± 0.0006

0.008 ± 0.0007

Mn

0.014 ± 0.001

0.012 ± 0.001

0.009 ± 0.0007

0.013 ± 0.001

0.015 ± 0.001

0.013 ± 0.001

Pb

0.018 ± 0.001

0.017 ± 0.001

0.010 ± 0.001

0.014 ± 0.001

0.016 ± 0.001

0.014 ± 0.001

Zn

1.33±0.13

1.16±0.11

2.76 ± 0.16

1.11 ± 0.11

1.30 ± 0.13

1.14 ± 0.11