Table 4 Comparison of metal concentration with other reported study for cigarette, gutka, Naswar and Mainpuri products (mg/kg) and in blood (mg/L) levels of users. ,
Sample | Cd | Mn | Pb | Zn | Country Name | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cigarette | 0.39 | 55.4 | 2.08 | 65.0 | Different regions of Pakistan | |
0.53* | --- | 11.56* | --- | Different regions of Pakistan | ||
0.80 | --- | 3.05 | --- | Selangor state, Malaysia | ||
0.12 | --- | 2.98 | 13.39 | Samaru Area of Zaria, Nigeria | ||
Gutka | BDL(< 0.01) | 40.27 | 1.52 | 27.42 | Karachi, Pakistan | |
Gutka | 0.82 | --- | 3.77 | --- | Sindh, Pakistan | |
Mainpuri | 1.65 | --- | 8.66 | --- | ||
Naswar (Snuff) | --- | 0.1674 | 0.190 | 0.1674 | KPK. Pakistan | |
Nass | 0.71 (0.25–1.17) | -- | 38.71 (17. 60–57.70) | -- | Iran | |
Tobacco snuff | 9.7 ± 1.0 | -- | 153–172 | Nigeria | ||
Cigarette | 1.035 ± 0.081 | 49.19 ± 4.11 | 0.872 ± 0.078 | 58.7 ± 5.12 | Karachi, Pakistan | Present Study |
Gutka | 1.11 ± 0.21 | 13.8 ± 1.25 | 3.08 ± 0.25 | 19.3 ± 1.76 | ||
Mainpuri | 0.144 ± 0.01 | 39.8 ± 3.26 | 1.01 ± 0.05 | 15.9 ± 1.23 | ||
Naswar | 0.547 ± 0.04 | 1.87 ± 0.03 | 2.18 ± 0.17 | 1.89 ± 0.16 | ||
Comparison of metal concentration in blood of Cigarette smokers and Gutka, Mainpuri and Naswar users. | ||||||
Cigarette | **0.74 ± 0.06 (0.0–2.53) | -- | 3.83 ± 0.37 (0.4–9.5) | -- | Iran | |
*0.873 | -- | 0.031 | -- | Al-Najaf, Iraq | ||
*0.00087 | 0.0115 | 0.00638 | 0.0545 | Iran | ||
*0.00013 | 0.0125 | 0.0239 | -- | Sao Paulo, Brazil | ||
*0.00091 | -- | 0.02255 | -- | Lahore, Pakistan | ||
Gutka | *0.00349 | -- | 0.0924 | -- | Different Regions of Pakistan | |
Mainpuri | *0.00325 | -- | 0.109 | -- | ||
Naswar (Snuff) | *> 0.12 | -- | > 0.1 | -- | Different Regions of Pakistan | |
Cigarette Smoker | *0.233 | 11.1 | 0.197 | 13.3 | Karachi, Pakistan | Present Work |
Gutka | *0.172 | 2.14 | 0.477 | 2.99 | ||
Mainpuri | *0.022 | 6.16 | 0.156 | 2.46 | ||
Naswar | *0.085 | 0.289 | 0.337 | 0.293 | ||
