Table 1 Combined effects of grazing with drought or nitrogen addition on soil fauna feeding activity across different soil depths. Shown are the results of a cumulative link mixed model (clmm) for (A) a “drought model”, with severe “drought” (drought vs. ambient rainfall), “grazing” (grazed vs. rested)), “depth” (soil depth; 0–8 cm) and all possible interactions, and (B) a “nitrogen model”, with drought replaced by nitrogen addition effects. Both models have effective degrees of freedom of 10.

From: Drought, grazing, and nitrogen input influence nutrient supply and soil faunal activity in a semi-arid savannah grassland

(A) Drought model

(B) Nitrogen model

Factor

z-

value

p-

value

Sign

Factor

z-

value

p-

value

Sign

Grazing

2.080

0.038

**

Grazing

2.325

0.020

**

Drought

0.467

0.640

 

Nitrogen

-0.041

0.968

 

Depth

1.722

0.085

*

Depth

1.800

0.072

*

Grazing x Drought

-0.889

0.374

 

Grazing x Nitrogen

-0.721

0.471

 

Drought x Depth

0.416

0.678

 

Nitrogen x Depth

-0.129

0.897

 

Grazing x Depth

-2.131

0.033

**

Grazing x Depth

-2.1958

0.028

**

Grazing x Drought x Depth

-0.343

0.731

 

Grazing x Nitrogen x Depth

2.965

0.003

**

  1. Significance levels (Sign) are shown with ** for p < 0.05 and * for p < 0.1, and respective p-values are given in bold.