Table 2 Percentage uncertainty detailing23.

From: Optimization of SiO2 based water–diesel emulsified fuel for engine performance and emission characteristics using soft computing approaches

Features

Measurement range

Rated resolution

Uncertainty

Load

0–12 kg

2 kg

± 0.19%

BSFC

± 1.2%

BTE

± 1.2%

Fuel-flow

0-100 (ml)

± 1 ml

± 1%

Emissions of CO

0–15 (% volume)

0.01%vol

± 0.06%

Emissions of CO2

0–20 (% volume)

0.1%vol

± 0.5%

Emissions of HC

0-30000 (ppm)

1 ppm

± 0.3%

Emissions of O2

0–25 (% volume)

0.01%vol

± 0.04%

Emissions of NOX

0-5000 (ppm)

1 ppm

± 0.02%

Emissions of Smoke opacity

0-100 (%)

0.1%

± 0.1%

Temperature of oil

0–125 °C

1 °C

± 1 °C

Engine speed

400–6000 rpm

10 rpm

± 0.167%