Fig. 1

Overview map of the study area. National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information of China, National county-level administrative boundaries shapefile data (https://www.webmap.cn/main.do?method=index); Geospatial Data Cloud, 30-m resolution digital elevation data (https://www.gscloud.cn/). The map was created using ArcGIS 10.8 (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA, USA; https://www.esri.com/).