Table 1 Incorporating basic demographic information and clinical characteristics of the population, based on the MIMIC-IV database.

From: To explore the relationship between multiple glycemic markers and all-cause mortality in patients with severe atrial fibrillation based on multiple databases

Variable

ICU-day

28-day

Survivors

Non-survivors

p value

Survivors

Non-survivors

p value

N

833

119

 

744

208

 

Age (years)

73.26 ± 11.76

75.29 ± 10.40

0.074

72.66 ± 11.60

76.59 ± 11.19

< 0.001

Gender, (%)

  

0.901

  

0.201

Female

341 (40.94%)

48 (40.34%)

 

296 (39.78%)

93 (44.71%)

 

Male

492 (59.06%)

71 (59.66%)

 

448 (60.22%)

115 (55.29%)

 

BMI, (kg/m2)

29.52 ± 8.35

29.98 ± 7.96

0.568

29.76 ± 8.44

28.89 ± 7.74

0.181

WBC, (K/uL)

11.93 ± 6.14

13.30 ± 5.50

0.021

11.88 ± 5.77

12.88 ± 7.02

0.036

PLT, (K/uL)

204.86 ± 89.04

210.61 ± 82.34

0.506

206.54 ± 89.83

202.15 ± 82.25

0.526

HGB, (mg/dL)

11.71 ± 2.32

11.04 ± 2.35

0.003

11.75 ± 2.30

11.21 ± 2.39

0.004

Albumin, (g/dL)

3.23 ± 0.54

3.09 ± 0.54

0.010

3.24 ± 0.54

3.12 ± 0.51

0.006

Sodium, (mEq/L)

138.53 ± 5.52

138.08 ± 6.58

0.425

138.45 ± 5.58

138.55 ± 5.94

0.815

Potassium, (mEq/L)

4.19 ± 0.76

4.35 ± 0.96

0.036

4.18 ± 0.77

4.31 ± 0.87

0.040

Calcium, (mg/dL)

8.46 ± 0.88

8.46 ± 0.80

0.979

8.47 ± 0.88

8.41 ± 0.82

0.406

Chloride, (mEq/L)

102.78 ± 6.60

102.42 ± 7.48

0.590

102.65 ± 6.62

103.00 ± 7.07

0.506

Lactate, (mmol/L)

1.97 ± 1.44

2.63 ± 2.05

< 0.001

1.96 ± 1.48

2.37 ± 1.71

< 0.001

TG, (mg/dL)

149.02 ± 165.83

165.87 ± 186.97

0.308

149.67 ± 163.94

156.35 ± 184.66

0.614

Cholesterol, (mg/dL)

137.26 ± 33.62

126.80 ± 36.95

0.002

137.77 ± 33.62

129.44 ± 35.55

0.002

HDL, (mg/dL)

41.56 ± 14.60

40.23 ± 13.52

0.351

41.23 ± 14.17

41.97 ± 15.54

0.516

LDL, (mg/dL)

72.41 ± 26.59

64.15 ± 25.53

0.001

72.98 ± 26.45

65.62 ± 26.34

< 0.001

ALT, (IU/L)

104.03 ± 390.68

159.10 ± 539.98

0.173

108.20 ± 412.54

120.64 ± 412.59

0.701

AST, (IU/L)

161.30 ± 660.54

245.69 ± 737.94

0.199

171.35 ± 696.43

173.63 ± 571.66

0.965

BUN, (mEq/L)

28.23 ± 21.50

34.82 ± 21.93

0.002

27.69 ± 20.74

33.93 ± 24.07

< 0.001

CR, (mg/dL)

1.45 ± 1.39

1.70 ± 1.36

0.071

1.44 ± 1.40

1.62 ± 1.34

0.105

LD, (IU/L)

478.70 ± 916.93

612.70 ± 789.00

0.130

498.51 ± 979.99

484.53 ± 543.91

0.844

CK, (IU/L)

1051.65 ± 7407.49

1253.17 ± 3076.40

0.770

1107.54 ± 7824.40

967.03 ± 2489.66

0.799

Ventilation_hour

125.38 ± 138.13

187.48 ± 191.58

< 0.001

133.79 ± 154.61

130.82 ± 117.22

0.797

HbA1c, (%)

6.23 ± 1.32

6.31 ± 1.63

0.523

6.25 ± 1.35

6.20 ± 1.42

0.694

HGI

0.01 ± 1.15

− 0.12 ± 1.35

0.261

0.04 ± 1.16

− 0.15 ± 1.23

0.038

SHR

1.17 ± 0.38

1.29 ± 0.44

0.003

1.16 ± 0.35

1.27 ± 0.49

< 0.001

GV

17.04 ± 10.29

20.75 ± 10.63

< 0.001

16.82 ± 10.04

19.93 ± 11.30

< 0.001

Hypertension, (%)

  

0.242

  

0.820

No

485 (58.22%)

76 (63.87%)

 

437 (58.74%)

124 (59.62%)

 

Yes

348 (41.78%)

43 (36.13%)

 

307 (41.26%)

84 (40.38%)

 

Diabetes, (%)

  

0.114

  

0.922

No

538 (64.59%)

68 (57.14%)

 

473 (63.58%)

133 (63.94%)

 

Yes

295 (35.41%)

51 (42.86%)

 

271 (36.42%)

75 (36.06%)

 

Heart Failure, (%)

  

0.941

  

0.614

No

416 (49.94%)

59 (49.58%)

 

368 (49.46%)

107 (51.44%)

 

Yes

417 (50.06%)

60 (50.42%)

 

376 (50.54%)

101 (48.56%)

 

Chronic Kidney Disease, (%)

  

0.019

  

0.825

No

636 (76.35%)

79 (66.39%)

 

560 (75.27%)

155 (74.52%)

 

Yes

197 (23.65%)

40 (33.61%)

 

184 (24.73%)

53 (25.48%)

 

Acute Kidney Injury, (%)

  

< 0.001

  

0.001

No

447 (53.66%)

40 (33.61%)

 

401 (53.90%)

86 (41.35%)

 

Yes

386 (46.34%)

79 (66.39%)

 

343 (46.10%)

122 (58.65%)

 

Hyperlipidemia, (%)

  

0.106

  

0.030

No

389 (46.70%)

65 (54.62%)

 

341 (45.83%)

113 (54.33%)

 

Yes

444 (53.30%)

54 (45.38%)

 

403 (54.17%)

95 (45.67%)

 

Ventilation, (%)

  

0.474

  

0.904

No

80 (9.60%)

9 (7.56%)

 

70 (9.41%)

19 (9.13%)

 

Yes

753 (90.40%)

110 (92.44%)

 

674 (90.59%)

189 (90.87%)

 

HbA1c, group (%)

  

0.344

  

0.832

Q1

177 (21.25%)

29 (24.37%)

 

158 (21.24%)

48 (23.08%)

 

Q2

244 (29.29%)

26 (21.85%)

 

211 (28.36%)

59 (28.37%)

 

Q3

182 (21.85%)

31 (26.05%)

 

171 (22.98%)

42 (20.19%)

 

Q4

230 (27.61%)

33 (27.73%)

 

204 (27.42%)

59 (28.37%)

 

HGI, group (%)

  

0.005

  

0.010

Q1

194 (23.29%)

44 (36.97%)

 

170 (22.85%)

68 (32.69%)

 

Q2

219 (26.29%)

19 (15.97%)

 

199 (26.75%)

39 (18.75%)

 

Q3

211 (25.33%)

26 (21.85%)

 

183 (24.60%)

54 (25.96%)

 

Q4

209 (25.09%)

30 (25.21%)

 

192 (25.81%)

47 (22.60%)

 

SHR, group (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

Q1

212 (25.45%)

26 (21.85%)

 

195 (26.21%)

43 (20.67%)

 

Q2

217 (26.05%)

21 (17.65%)

 

198 (26.61%)

40 (19.23%)

 

Q3

216 (25.93%)

22 (18.49%)

 

188 (25.27%)

50 (24.04%)

 

Q4

188 (22.57%)

50 (42.02%)

 

163 (21.91%)

75 (36.06%)

 

GV, group (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

Q1

225 (27.01%)

13 (10.92%)

 

209 (28.09%)

29 (13.94%)

 

Q2

208 (24.97%)

30 (25.21%)

 

184 (24.73%)

54 (25.96%)

 

Q3

205 (24.61%)

33 (27.73%)

 

182 (24.46%)

56 (26.92%)

 

Q4

195 (23.41%)

43 (36.13%)

 

169 (22.72%)

69 (33.17%)

 
  1. HbA1c: Q1(≤ 5.4), Q2(5.50–5.80), Q3(5.90–6.30), Q4(≥ 6.40);
  2. HGI: Q1(≤-0.60), Q2(-0.60–0.16), Q3(-0.16-0.29), Q4(≥ 0.29);
  3. SHR: Q1(≤ 0.94), Q2(0.94–1.12), Q3(1.12–1.36), Q4(≥ 1.36);
  4. GV: Q1(≤ 10.43), Q2(10.44–15.66), Q3(15.66–21.50), Q4(21.51–83.67);
  5. BMI: body mass index, WBC: white blood cells, PLT: platelets, HGB: hemoglobin, Cre: creatinine, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin, HGI: hemoglobin glycation index, SHR: stress hyperglycemia ratio, GV: glycemic variability, ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase, BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen, LD: Lactate Dehydrogenase, CK: Creatine kinase.
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