Table 6 Model estimation results for principal arterial roads.

From: Behavioral and psychological determinants of pedestrian collisions on arterial roads with evidence from random parameter models

Variables

MNL

RPL

RPLHM

RPLHMV

Coeff

t-stat

Coeff

t-stat

Coeff

t-stat

Coeff

t-stat

Environmental characteristics

Weekend (1 if crash happened on weekend, 0 if no) [BC]

0.370

2.86

0.439

2.52

0.474

2.58

0.446

2.48

Dark with no streetlight (1 if yes, 0 if no) [KA]

1.472

8.39

1.653

8.17

1.677

8.20

1.686

7.63

Dark with streetlights (1 if yes, 0 if no) [BC]

 − 0.721

 − 6.03

 − 0.612

 − 2.58

 − 0.507

 − 1.85

 − 0.600

 − 2.65

St. dev. of dark with streetlight

–

–

1.877

2.29

2.181

2.45

1.702

2.37

Crash Characteristics

Access control (1 if partial control, 0 if no) [KA]

0.339

1.85

0.4519

2.03

0.465

1.99

0.478

2.02

Prior movement (1 if driver deviated from going straight, 0 if no) [KA]

 − 0.391

 − 2.07

 − 0.542

 − 2.36

 − 0.529

 − 2.23

 − 0.504

 − 1.95

Single vehicle crash (1 if yes, 0 if no) [O]

 − 1.006

 − 4.80

 − 1.208

 − 5.22

 − 1.206

 − 5.17

 − 1.191

 − 5.32

Lane departure (1 if yes, 0 if no) [BC]

0.947

7.23

1.069

6.75

1.094

6.73

1.097

6.78

Roadway Characteristics

Mixed business and residential (1 if yes, 0 if no) [BC]

0.243

2.13

0.604

2.25

0.626

2.18

0.651

2.36

St. dev. of mixed business and residential

–

–

1.723

2.62

2.046

2.89

1.668

2.64

Residential (1 if yes, 0 if no) [BC]

0.536

2.13

0.634

2.15

0.668

2.22

0.636

2.01

Two lanes undivided (1 if yes, 0 if no) [KA]

 − 0.293

 − 2.46

 − 0.286

 − 1.97

 − 0.294

 − 1.95

 − 0.324

 − 2.11

No intersection (1 if crash occurred at segment, 0 if no) [O]

 − 0.455

 − 2.17

 − 0.382

 − 1.74

 − 0.390

 − 1.76

 − 0.378

 − 1.73

Traffic signal light (1 if yes, 0 if no) [BC]

0.235

1.65

–

–

–

–

–

–

Pedestrian Condition and Characteristics

Pedestrian impaired with alcohol (1 if yes, 0 if no) [O]

 − 1.864

 − 2.56

 − 2.007

 − 2.67

 − 2.184

 − 2.91

 − 2.172

 − 2.53

Pedestrian aged 15 to 24 years old (1 if yes, 0 if no) [KA]

 − 0.726

 − 4.09

 − 0.775

 − 3.69

 − 0.533

 − 2.30

 − 0.530

 − 2.07

Inattentive or distracted pedestrian (1 if yes, 0 if no) [BC]

0.554

3.98

0.704

3.88

0.686

3.64

0.725

3.85

Pedestrian with Black race (1 if yes, 0 if no) [O]

 − 0.815

 − 3.74

 − 0.697

 − 2.90

 − 0.621

 − 2.56

 − 0.641

 − 2.86

Pedestrian with Caucasian race (1 if yes, 0 if no) [O]

 − 0.660

 − 2.93

 − 0.505

 − 2.01

 − 0.434

 − 1.70

 − 0.474

 − 1.99

Pedestrian Actions

Pedestrian crossing a midblock (1 if yes, 0 if no) [BC]

 − 0.405

 − 3.31

 − 0.468

 − 2.90

 − 0.430

 − 2.54

 − 0.461

 − 2.70

Driver’s Condition and Characteristics

Driver impaired with alcohol or drug (1 if yes, 0 if no) [KA]

1.779

6.89

2.519

5.93

2.650

5.88

2.558

5.20

Driver aged over 64 years old (1 if yes, 0 if no) [KA]

 − 0.477

 − 2.16

 − 0.612

 − 2.33

 − 0.645

 − 2.39

 − 0.594

 − 1.91

Inattentive or distracted driver (1 if yes, 0 if no) [BC]

0.511

2.99

0.648

3.03

0.658

2.96

0.635

2.97

Driver with Black race (1 if yes, 0 if no) [KA]

0.252

2.11

0.321

2.18

0.333

2.19

0.316

2.06

Passenger present (1 if yes, 0 if no) [O]

0.587

2.18

0.577

2.00

0.569

1.96

0.574

1.92

Vehicle Type

Passenger car (1 if yes, 0 if no) [KA]

 − 0.344

 − 2.87

 − 0.399

 − 2.75

 − 0.416

 − 2.78

 − 0.414

 − 2.61

Heterogeneity in mean, Parameter: Variable

Effect of rain on the mean of random parameter mixed business and residential area

–

–

–

–

 − 1.046

 − 1.70

 − 1.224

 − 2.05

Effect of pedestrian aged 15 to 24 years on the mean of random parameter mixed business and residential area

–

–

–

–

1.177

2.14

1.529

2.27

Effect of rain on the mean of random parameter dark with streetlight

–

–

–

–

1.108

1.75

0.956

1.73

Effect of pedestrian impaired with alcohol on the mean of random parameter dark with streetlight

–

–

–

–

 − 1.249

 − 2.43

 − 1.084

 − 2.37

Heteroscedasticity in random parameters

Effect of posted speed limit 40–45 mph on the variance of Location type mixed business and residential area

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.797

2.32

Statistics

Number of observations

1,722

K

24

25

29

30

Log likelihood at convergence

 − 1195.016

 − 1189.749

 − 1179.836

 − 1176.952

Restricted log likelihood

 − 1891.810

 − 1891.810

 − 1891.810

 − 1891.810

McFadden Pseudo R-squared

0.3683

0.3711

0.3763

0.3779

AIC

2438.0

2429.5

2417.7

2413.9

AIC/N

1.416

1.411

1.404

1.402

Back to article page