Table 2 Distribution of melodic structure and articulatory activity (ART) in vocalisations by hearing impaired and normal hearing groups.

From: Melodic and articulatory development is delayed in deaf infants aged 2–4 months

 

Hearing impaired (HI)

Normal hearing (NH)

Total

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

Melodic structure (laryngeal activity with or without ART)

Simple

760

(65.5)

460

(39.7)

1,220

(52.6)

Complex

400

(34.5)

700

(60.3)

1,100

(47.4)

Articulatory activity (with either simple or complex melody)

No

830

(71.6)

546

(47.1)

1,376

(59.3)

Yes

330

(28.4)

614

(52.9)

944

(40.7)

Melodic structure and articulatory activity

    

Otherwise

970

(83.6)

684

(59.0)

1,654

(71.3)

Both*

190

(16.4)

476

(41.0)

666

(28.7)

  1. Note: *Both defined as having complex melodic structure and supra-laryngeal activity (articulation). Otherwise: vocalisations with single-arc melody /no ART, single arc melody /ART or complex (multiple arc) melody/ no ART.