Table 3 Uncertainty of different measuring parameters.

From: Artificial neural network based optimization of engine performance using domestic biomass as a clean fuel

Parameter

Accuracy

Uncertainty (%)

(a) Instrument accuracy and measurement uncertainty

Fuel flow rate

± 0.5%

± 0.75

Air flow rate

± 1.0%

± 1.2

Brake power

± 0.2%

± 0.5

In-cylinder pressure

± 0.5%

± 0.7

Crank angle

± 1° CA

± 1.0

Temperature

± 1 °C

± 0.8

HC

± 10 ppm

± 0.4

CO

± 0.03 vol%

± 0.14

NOx

± 10 ppm

± 0.7

CO2

± 0.05 vol%

± 0.16

(b) Derived parameters uncertainty

BSFC

Based on fuel flow and brake power

± 0.7

BTE

From calorific value and BSFC

± 0.5