Table 7 The antimicrobial activity of modified paper sheets in the presence of different microorganisms.

From: Development of antimicrobial paper from unbleached bamboo ASAM pulps reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose and chitosan

Microorganism

Gram Stain

Growth

Pulp fibers–6.000 Rev

5% NFC–6.000 Rev

5% NFC–1.5% CS–6.000 Rev

Reference Antibiotic

Staphylococcus aureus

Positive

0.298

0.289 (± 0.051)

0.240 (± 0.014)

0.207 (± 0.049)

0.201

Escherichia coli

Negative

0.491

0.470 (± 0.021)

0.445 (± 0.070)

0.410 (± 0.191)

0.280

Salmonella choleraesuis

Negative

0.500

0.490 (± 0.169)

0.460 (± 0.013)

0.437 (± 0.039)

0.300

Candida albicans

Yeast

0.304

0.300 (± 0.047)

0.242 (± 0.035)

0.203 (± 0.030)

0.170

  1. Rev, Revolutions; NFC, Nanofibrillated cellulose; CS, Chitosan.
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